Language Background and the Speech Community

Being born in Russia, Russian is my native language. According to the Refugee Council, Russian is extensively used as a language for communication of all the Slavic languages. Statistically speaking, most people in the Russian Foundation and other independent federations are speakers of the Russian Language. (Refugee Council, 2008) Moreover, the Russian language is distinguished by the United Nations as one that belongs to the list of six official languages all over the world. (Today Translations, 2008) To illustrate the far-reaching influence of the Russian language, let us enumerate the countries with major Russian speaking populations, such as Belarus, Estonia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Moldova, not to mention Russia, Tajikistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. Russian is not considered as the official language in Kazakhstan and Tajikistan, however it is popularly used in, most especially in business and government communications. Other countries, like Finland for example, also have a Russian speaking population composed of the minority inhabitants. (Infoplease, 2008) The Russian language does not follow a formal system or rules. It concentrates on the reproduction of sounds and stress that is stated in variation with the attached denotative or connotative meaning of the words in a statement. Russian language, together with the Ukrainian and Belarusian languages have emerged from the Slavonic language that originated from the East. (Today Translations, 2008) Since the Russian language is more focused on the phonetic aspect of speaking, the language is primarily based on the Russian alphabet or what historians call the Cyrillic Alphabet. Apparently, the alphabet originated not from Russia, but from Greece. The onset of Greek missions who happened to arrive at Istanbul proliferated the use of the Cyrillic alphabet that is primarily based on the Greek alphabet. Needless to say, the Russian language traces back its influences from Greece. (Orbislingua, 2008) I belong to a community that upholds discipline within the self and as a citizen of Russian and the maintenance of the good of all the citizens, not just oneself. Just like our political system, everything is organized and judged in our every day life according to what is good for all. Close relationships between others is evident in how we deal with others and our way of welcoming them with affectionate actions and gestures. In addition to this, most of us are cynical and distrustful. The uniqueness of the Russian language may be traced to the distinct sentence patterns and sounds and stress produced in speaking Russian. The structure of the sentences does not follow a particular rule or pattern, but is dependent on how the speaker wants to say it. For instance, to emphasize an adjective, it goes first in the sentence. On the other hand, if the noun is emphasized in the sentence, then it goes first. (Orbislingua, 2008) In addition, the use of articles, transitional or connecting phrases and words (such as is, are, a, an, the, etc.), does not really apply in speaking the Russian language. Therefore, if a native Russian speaker attempts to speak in English, then it would be difficult for native Russian speakers to create a complete and a grammatically sound and correct English statement due to certain deficiencies.   Furthermore, most consonants in the Russian language produce sounds that are almost similar to the â€Å"s† sound and utilizes the movement of the tongue in speaking. This greatly contributes to the unique nature and phonetic aspect of the use of the Russian Language. (Orbislingua, 2008) The similarities of the Russian language to the English language, for instance, is evident in the three tenses of English verbs that also applies to the verbs of the Russian language. At times, it also follows the order and structure of the sentences in the English language, however the Russian sentence order and structure is more accommodating to the situation in which two Russian speakers are talking. (Orbislingua, 2008) References Infoplease. (2008). Languages by Countries. Retrieved March 14, 2008, from HighBeam Orbislingua. (2008). Russian language. Retrieved March 14, 2008, from Orbislingua.com. Website: http://www.orbislingua.com/eaha.htm Refugee Council. (2008). Language background of major refugee groups to UK. Retrieved March 14, 2008, from Refugee Council. Website: http://languages.refugeecouncil.org.uk/top_navigation/Language_profiles.htm Today Translations. (2008). Russian Language History. Retrieved March 14, 2008, from Today                  

Martin Luther King Jr., “Letter from Birmingham Jail”

The pressure of racial segregation was reaching a boiling point in 1963 in Birmingham, Alabama. After being arrested for his part in the Birmingham Campaign, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. wrote an open letter in response to â€Å"A Call for Unity†, written by eight white clergymen from Birmingham. King's â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† is a true call for unity, as he clearly states and points out facts that the clergymen have omitted from their letter. King is clearly not looking to stoke the fire of segregation; he was merely looking to solve the situation at hand and trying to peacefully end racial segregation in the United States. A Call for Unity†, written in early April 1963 (Jonathan, 12-18). Discussion After years of segregation and inequality, one man stood up and fought for what was right. This man spoke of dreams and for what he felt as morally right, ethically right, lawfully right and emotionally right. This man spoke of freedom, brotherhood and equality among all people, no matter what race they were. He brought forth facts and emotions to America that was being felt by the black community, which was being treated so badly. This man was Martin Luther King Jr. a clergyman and civil rights leader, who later was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his work. King opened the eyes of America to a broader sense of understanding, to a wider view of the inequality and hate that almost every black person had to live through at that time. After several peaceful protests King was arrested for demonstrating in defiance of a court order, by participating in a parade, he was then taken to Birmingham jail (Leff & Utley, 8-9). There in the jail, King wrote a letter to 8 fellow clergymen in response to a letter they published in a newspaper. King explained in the letter why he did the things he did, and why that had to be done the way that they were. King’s â€Å"Letter from Birmingham City Jail† was written on April 16, 1963. Eight Alabama clergyman wrote an open letter that questioned King’s methods and suggested that he use the court system as a means for change. King’s letter was a reply that was meant to respond to the clergymen and spread his beliefs (KaaVonia, 10-15). In his letter, he responds to some of his criticisms, such as his demonstrations, direct action, and his timing. He, then, explains his motives for acting, and why they were justified. Argument about â€Å"Justice and injustice† His attitude in the letter changes, at the beginning he is submissive to the clergy’s criticism; at the end he begins to criticize the clergy. This letter was symbolic of a movement, and all the injustices it faced. King uses rhetoric by manipulating language and appealing to the emotions of the reader. In Martin Luther King Jr’s â€Å"A Letter from Birmingham Jail† addresses eight white clergymen from Birmingham, Alabama, clearly states eight arguments. King uses epigrams as a device to make sure the reader still comprehends his message. In the beginning paragraphs, King states what brought him to Birmingham and why he is justified in being there. In his argument he alludes to Apostle Paul, and provides dull factual operational information about the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Even if the reader does not know who Paul is or care about the SCLC, he can still understand King’s message because of the epigrams he uses (Baldwin & Burrow, 111-118). In summing up what brought him here King says, â€Å"Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere†. In answering why he is justified in being in Birmingham, King says, â€Å"Anyone who lives in the United States can never be considered an outsider anywhere in the country† (King, 122-128). Now the reader knows through the use of epigrams that King was brought there because there is injustice in Birmingham and that he has a right to be in Birmingham because he is an American and Birmingham is an American City. Blacks are going through a really tough time during this Negro revolution in 1963 and Dr. King accentuates the point by the use of strong diction, which set the tone of the letter. For example, Dr. King elucidates the reason his people can't wait for their rights and that's because â€Å"hate-filled policemen curse, kick, brutalize, and even kill† his â€Å"black brothers and sisters† and that basically most white people torment them any chance they get. In the letter written by the clergyman they say (like it was something new), that they were now facing demonstrations led by outsiders (King). Religious appeals in King’s latter King wants them to know that he is not really an outsider but the president of The Southern Christian Leadership Conference with an affiliation in Birmingham. He wants to point out that he not only has organizational ties but also was invited to participate in the direct action program in Birmingham in support of desegregation. In the course of the letter, King uses philosophical, religious and historical examples to get his points across. In order to gain control of the reader Martin Luther King Jr. includes vivid images of cruel acts that African Americans in Birmingham endured. Concerning this unsettling time in society King could have described many of the immoral and unjust acts that he encountered on a daily basis. Instead he portrayed these situations by asking rhetorical questions about women, children and loved ones bringing the hardships Negroes faced into the lives of men of all cultures. It does not matter if you are black, if you are white, if you are Asian, if you are Hispanic, or if you are a mixture of any race, through King's words you could imagine yourself in any of the situations he describes. With the ability to touch the reader on not only a personal level, but also an intimate one Martin Luther King Jr. began to bridge the gap between the races (Jessica, 222-225). King consistently brought up the point of morality. Pointing out that certain things are moral and other things aren't. For example King talked about having two different drinking fountains or having blacks sit at the back of the bus, saying that it just wasn't morally right. And that morally right would be to have unity and brotherhood among all people. King tries to show the difference between just and unjust laws, it is because of these two terms that we can â€Å"advocate breaking some laws, and obeying others† (King, 122-128). Segregation in his eyes is and unjust law because it â€Å"disturbs the soul and damages the personality† (King, 122-128). These are both qualifications of an unjust law. Society today is filled with unjust laws. In many schools females are still prohibited from joining a football team, because the school believes they do not have what it takes. By not allowing this person to join the team they are taking away a part of her personality, a piece of who she is and denying her to express it. King also discusses another perspective of just and unjust laws. He explains that an unjust law is made up by a majority of people whom force a minority to follow this law; however the law is not â€Å"binding† on themselves. A just law is one that a majority makes and is also willing to follow themselves. Thus showing that is the only fair law is one that affects all citizens in an equally just way. King states how the Apostle Paul carried the gospel of Jesus Christ over the land, and thus compares himself to him. One way King addresses the eight clergymen and justifies his presence in Birmingham is by comparing himself to the Apostle Paul. He is trying to take the gospel of freedom over the land of America. This idea relates to peoples emotion because most people are religious and believe in God and Jesus Christ. By Comparing himself to the Apostle Paul strikes deep emotion in most people, and almost saying that he is trying to do the work of God by trying to achieve true freedom, this analogy is a great example of pathos and King's use of these appeals to the emotion through examples and figurative language (Carson, Holloran, Luker, Russell & King, 10-15). King uses pathos not just from the Bible but also by evolving ideas from World War II: â€Å"We should never forget that everything Adolf Hitler did in Germany was â€Å"legal† and everything the Hungarian freedom fighters did in Hungary was â€Å"illegal†. It was â€Å"illegal† to aid and comfort a Jew in Hitler's Germany. Even so, I am sure that, had I lived in Germany at the time, I would have aided and comforted my Jewish brothers. If today I lived in a Communist country where certain principles dear to the Christian faith are suppressed, I would openly advocate disobeying that country's antireligious laws† (King, 122-128). Here King refers to all the horrible laws that Hitler created in Germany before World War II. He cites how, â€Å"It was illegal† to aid and comfort a Jew in Hitler's Germany. He is using this example to compare Germany's laws against Jews to â€Å"separate but equal† law of the time against black people (Jessica, 222-225). Creating ethos is a way for a writer to gain the trust of the reader. It can be used to show the effectiveness of one's writing the writer's credibility. King illustrates this quality of ethos when he explains his professional titles: â€Å"I have the honor of serving as president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, an organization operating in every southern state, with headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia. We have some eighty-five affiliated organizations across the South, and one of them is the Alabama Christian movement for Human Rights. Frequently we share staff, educational, and financial resources with our affiliates† (King, 122-128). Here King shows his credibility by citing what his organization, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, which is in every southern state, does (Baldwin & Burrow, 111-118). Furthermore, Martin Luther King explains to the clergymen in the letter that they have been misinformed on the situation and that not all is alright. King quotes the clergymen’s original letter which commended the Birmingham police for their great efforts in keeping order and preventing violence, King is quick to correct them that they would have not commended the police force if they viewed the gruesome violence which occurred that day firsthand. King concludes the paragraph with. â€Å"I cannot join you in your praise of the Birmingham police department† (King, 122-128). This statement comes off as a very bold statement to the clergymen after reading the details of the violence previously. Paragraph fourteen of King’s latter In paragraph fourteen he uses emotional reference when he says â€Å"when you have seen vicious mobs lynch your mothers and fathers at will and drown your sisters and brothers at whim† (King, 122-128), he doesn't call them Negro, so that the audience could relate to them. He wants them to know how a black man feels always feeling like nobody and being afraid. In the next nine paragraphs he describes in detail the difference between a just law and an unjust law. This time he uses religious leaders such as St Augustine, St Thomas Aquinas, Martin Buber and Paul Tillich as examples to get his idea across. He says that â€Å"a just law is a man made code that squares with the moral law or the law of God† (King, 122-128). In paragraph 23, he begins to criticize the white moderates â€Å"People who say they agree with segregation but do not want the Negro people to demonstrate because they don t want their lives disrupted† (King, 122-128). King says that these people are worst than the Ku Klux Klan and other people of ill will, because of their shallow understanding (King & King, 45-48). Lastly, King provides a very good insight for the uninformed in his letter from jail. King states that he wished that the clergymen had actually realized who the real heroes were that day. King had received a letter from a white man from Texas saying that he will reach his equal rights eventually but that maybe he is in too much of a religious hurry. King states that time are not the cure to all maladies, and that his people must use their time more effectively than the people of ill will. King seems to have a perfect response to all arguments thrown at him, but none appear to be flawed of course. There was no other way for the black community to get their point across because they were not being listened. There is no point in this letter where King incites violence, if anything he completely against it and will stop at nothing to ensure that there is no more violence (Leff & Utley, 8-9). Letter from Birmingham Jail† is one of the most touching pieces of writing. All of Kings Arguments are effective, particularly in paragraph fourteen. This letter at times can be hard to read because King gives real life examples of what it is actually like to be black and living in the 60s south. This letter sparks a realization, which people have never recognized before reading this, this latter showing the terrible and disgraceful treatment of the black community. Conclusion â€Å"A Letter from Birmingham Jail† was an opportunity for Martin Luther King Jr. o express to the public his views and the views of other African Americans throughout the South. The effects of King's experiences depicted by his use of language resulted in radical changes for African Americans throughout the nation. It was a bigger victory to sway the Alabama clergymen than to change the mind of a stubborn group of white males, because it proved that the typical southern white male is equal in every way shape and form to that of an African American. Martin Luther King Jr. Once said, â€Å"I have a dream† and dream he did.

Placement of children and unborn child ( social work bachelor Essay

Placement of children and unborn child ( social work bachelor Australia) - Essay Example Notably, Elly Jones has not demonstrated any change of character. There is a string possibility that she still drinks large amounts of alcohol with her partner. The incident that was reported by the neighbours is sufficient proof of a troubled household. In usual cases, alcoholism and substance abuse are issues that keep relapsing if the victim stays in the same environment in which the habits flourish (Straussner & Fewell, 2011, p. 61). It might be difficult for the partners to change their habits particularly given the fact that there is no any interventionist program on the part of Elly Jones partner, which opens every possibility of continued abuse to the children. Another issue to be considered is the fact that Mary’s character stems from the effects of the sexual abuse that she suffered as a child at the hands of her father Bob. It might require more programs and effort to mend her psychologically in order to help her recover from the trauma, distrust and other negative aspects of personality that might have been occasioned by the childhood experience. The two children and the unborn child must be brought up in an environment that would guarantee happiness, positive socialization and normal growth. The current unstable and disruptive state of their lives might cause serious psychological impairment on the part of the children. Information available shows that the children are already manifesting negative signs of abuse and disorientation. There is a serious need for debriefing. The only place that appears relatively safer for them is at their grandparents’ home. The grandparents have demonstrated sufficient responsibility and concern for the welfare of the children. It must be noted that the grandparents reported the abuse of the two children to the authorities. Furthermore, Jake and Anna have also expressed a wish to stay with their grandparents. However, the only concern relates with the character of their grandfather and Elly

Relative or friend Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Relative or friend - Essay Example I have one brother and two sisters in my family. Both of my parents belong to working class. My father is a lawyer and my mother is a doctor. I am the eldest among my siblings. In my very early years of life, when I was the only child of my parents, I was given a lot of attention. My parents focused their complete attention on me which made me feel special. I remember my cousin would tell me whenever we met that his brother fought with him over petty matters, and did not share his toys with him. That made me feel sorry for him, yet I was happy that I had no one to share my toys with. I agree that I sound quite selfish but that was a matter of the past when I was only four years of age. I think quite differently about my siblings now, as I am grown up! When I was four years old, one fine morning my mom and dad brought a baby with them and told me that he was my brother. I was surprised at this shocking yet exciting discovery. It was a moment of both pleasure and displeasure for me. I had mixed feelings towards my younger brother, Jonny. I envied him as my mother took him into her lap and my father sang him nursery rhymes. I watched him grow up. As more time passed, I realized Jonny had made a big impact upon my personal relationship with mom and dad. With Jonny to take care of, mom and dad would not give me half as much time as they used to give me when I was their only child. I should not say they intentionally did it. May be it is just as difficult for all parents to balance their attention between all of their children. May be parents just do as they feel is required. Perhaps mom and dad thought I was sufficiently grown up to take care of things and understand matters while Jonny required more attention. Anyway, I was disturbed by this change. It felt quite unpleasant. I was in the kindergarten and had started to go to school while Jonny would stay at home. Mom and dad did explain to me that he was younger, so he had to be at home and that I was old enough to go to school, but their explanation hardly ever convinced me. However, soon after I started to go to school, I found studies quite interesting. May be that was a means of escape from the tensions arising from my lost status at home or perhaps, studies were really quite interesting, but I loved my education anyway. Time passed away and I approached grade 4. It was also Jonny’s second year in school. He was not quite good in studies and mom and dad had had a tough time making him study. I remember in grade 4, I read a chapter in my course book that explained to me my responsibilities towards Jonny as an elder brother. It was a very thought provoking and eye opening chapter for me and I learnt some great lessons from that. Having read the chapter, I realized that I was not fulfilling even half of my duties as an elder brother. I had never helped Jonny in his studies. Somehow, in my subconscious, I knew that if I took slight interest in teaching Jonny, he would come on the right track. That day, I decided I would change my attitude towards Jonny. I decided to fulfill my duties as an elder brother. I can not exactly tell whether it was a way to get back mom and dad’s attention that I was so longing for, but I became a loving and responsible elder brother. I helped Jonny learn nursery rhymes. I taught him how to write alphabets, how to pronounce them, how to link alphabets so

David cole Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

David cole - Essay Example They knew that either way, the two could die. However, Eli chooses not to wait for the Soviet troops to liberate them (Shermer and Grobman 72). His reasoning for choosing to accompany the Nazis was because he did not understand the motive of the Soviet troop in liberating them. The design of the gas chamber demonstrates that its purpose had no relation with the handling of gas. Since the gas chambers were never sealed, there was no provision for preventing the gas from condensing on the walls, ceiling or the floor. Neither was there a provision to exhaust the mixture of the gas and air from the building. This was the design of the facility according to Fred Leuchter, who examined the chamber. The free standing chimney could have served the purpose of exhausting the gases. The Donahue interview reinforces Leuchter’s findings. David Cole comes to a conclusion that the design of the chamber was not to kill any human being. In addition, he describes the facilities as life

Why Is There A Lack Of Men In The Early Years Workforce Essay

Why Is There A Lack Of Men In The Early Years Workforce - Essay Example Since early childhood centres are usually considered the second homes to these young children, then it should simulate the home setting whilst reflecting the situation in the real world. However, children usually just have women teachers and support workers in their early years settings. Only 2-3% of the early years workforce are men (Men in Primary – Early Years, 2007). Although the tradition of having women as early childhood educators has been long practiced, there are now recognized benefits of having more men join the early years workforce. Primarily, it is advantageous for young children to be in an environment that reflects the real gender mix of the world (Parents demand more male childcare workers, 2011). Society may not be ready for more men entering the early years workforce. The inherent expectations of a career in early childhood care and education is usually perceived as more suited to women due to their nurturing nature. Lynn Trodd, head of the Children’s Workforce Development Council contends that research shows that men perceive working in an early years environment is not as prestigious as corporate jobs, have fewer career opportunities, has a vague career structure, the pension system is not in place and there is less in-service training. To top it all, it does not pay well. Being so, it is seen as a far less professional area of work (Men in Primary- Early Years, 2007). Trodd elaborates that most men already in the early years setting have chosen to shift to it after they’ve pursued an earlier career. This phenomenon needs to be studied and the barriers to men entering the early years workforce earlier in their prime need to be investigated and broken down because men can be a great resource to the children’s workforce as they bring with them their own special skills and experiences which women may not be able to. Parents are also beginning to see the benefits of having male teachers and support workers in the ear ly childhood environments their children attend. The Children’s Workforce Development Council (CWDC) reports that 55 percent of parents express their preference of having male childcare workers to work with their nursery-aged children. Two-thirds of single mothers say they would like a man involved in the care and development of their young children because they need to have a male father-figure in their lives even if they do not have regular access to their own biological fathers (Parents demand more male childcare workers, 2009). Currently, 17 percent of children from lone parent families have fewer than two hours a week contact time with a man and more children have less than that. 36 percent of children of single mothers have only under six hours male contact each week. Having male early years workers can ensure that such children have enough quality contact time with men. This is especially significant for young boys who need adult men to look up to as role-models. 37 pe rcent of parents believe that male workers provide good examples for boys and that 25 percent of parents believe their sons will behave better with a male worker than with a female worker. Thus, 52 percent of parents believe that early childhood settings need to have male workers because these settings should reflect a real gender mix of the world. In addition, the benefits to their children will increase since men and women have different skills to offer them (Parents Demand More Male Childcare Workers, 2009). On the side of the children, Thom Crabbe, the National Development Manager for Early Years at the CWDC believes that young children in the crucial years of their development (first five years) need to have quality contact with both male and female

Russia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Russia - Essay Example Specifically, this paper will discuss and analyze some of the different features of tourism industry in Russia, in order to understand its related factors, determinants, and its influence on other sectors of the country. Geographically, Russia is considered as transcontinental country having its boundaries in both Asia, as well as, Europe. In specific, a larger part of the Russian Federation is extended in northern Eurasia. Moreover, some of the countries that share their borders with Russia are Poland, Finland, Norway, Georgia, China, North Korea, Belarus, Azerbaijan, Latvia, etc. It can be seen that a number of these countries are rich in terms of culture and heritage, which is a kind of benefit for Russia, for being located in a rich cultural region. In terms of borders touching waters, Russia shares its boundaries with the Black Sea, the Baltic Sea, and the Caspian Sea. In addition, it provides sea route with the Pacific Ocean, as well as, the Arctic Ocean. (Jafari, pp. 516, 2003) A country sharing its boundaries with so many land and water locations is considered an immensely benefited location in context of tourism, which is the reason that despite of Russia’s image of battle land and s uperpower, its historical places attract millions of tourists every year. Another reason for selecting Russia particularly for this study is its recognition as the largest country of planet earth covering 17,075,400 square km, and thus, the paper will now try to identify different physical resources that are contributing in appealing millions of inbound, as well as, outbound tourists from different parts of the globe. Almost every country has been blessed with historical treasures, physical features, attractive sites, etc; however, it is essential that such places should be maintained and utilized according to the demands and specialties of particular region. In other words, physical features can be utilized for energy purposes, as well

Corporate conflict and analyze the legal case Research Paper

Corporate conflict and analyze the legal case - Research Paper Example The key factor that denies the organization an appeal is its own guilty plea regarding the environmental crimes it had been charged with. Secondly, the organization opted for an administrative Consent Agreement and Final Order (CAFO) as a way of getting a resolution to the violations. Among the limited conditions under which the courts can accept the withdrawal of a guilty plea is if it is presented before the judges have accepted the plea, and that is usually in the pre-sentence scenario (Weaver, 2001). It could also be accepted before defendants have been sentenced. Further, Walmart cannot show that they were served with obvious injustice because of conditions that existed during the time they were charged with the environmental crimes. The organization was aware of federal laws that required them to determine hazardous waste, prepare its manifest, and handle and dispose it as stipulated but failed to meet those requirements. At the same time, Walmart contracted Greenleaf to recycle its pesticide products, yet Greenleaf lacked the capacity for handling such products, which lead to the release of hazardous substances. Although it is not clear whether or not Walmart of aware of this lack of capacity, it was their legal responsibility to establish whether Greenlea f met all the requirements stipulated by law. This means that Walmart becomes legally responsible for contractors conducting business on its behalf. It can, therefore, be shown that the judgment served was sufficient to hold the organization accountable for its own as well as its contractor’s illegal and irresponsible business conduct that was a threat to the environment and life. Walmart may also not appeal against the ruling because there are no sufficient indications that they are not guilty because of lack of understanding the charges or consequences of pleading guilty. That can be demonstrated by United States v. Spencer, 836 F.2d 236, 239 (6th Cir. 1987). If the lawyers entered the guilty plea

Essay, Consumer Psychology (Beer Industry Chosen) Essay

, Consumer Psychology (Beer Industry Chosen) - Essay Example One fact has remained steady and that is the beer consumer. In recent years, however, there has been a decline in beer consumption due to a variety of reasons, most obvious of which is the evolving consumer behaviour. This essay will identify some important and noteworthy behaviours of beer consumers that have been observed or found through literature reviews. The second section of the paper will attempt to interpret the behaviours into known consumer behaviour concepts for better understanding. The final part will convert the interpretations for the use of marketers in the development and planning of campaigns to satisfy these needs of the customers. Picture a roomful of men, sitting in front of the Sony Bravia TV to watch the latest English Premier League game, after a long, tiring day. Their wives and children are supping or sleeping peacefully at home but tonight is the boys’ night out. Somebody has just ordered Dominos pizza and the men are all sitting with camaraderie, joking and laughing loudly together. To complete this scene there is only one thing needed: beer. If we take the definition of Consumer Behaviour to be, â€Å"the decision process and physical activity individuals engage in when evaluating, acquiring, using or disposing of goods and services† (Loudon, p5), then the above, a typical scenario involving loyal beer consumers, can be broken down into distinct steps, each signifying one aspect of the consumer’s behaviour with regards to beer usage and consumption: 1. Evaluating: As the boys will get together and there will be carefree banter and fun, there has to be an activity (watching sports on a big screen TV like the Bravia), a venue (the living room), participants (all the five or six men), food (pizza by Dominos as all the ‘boys’ like it) and drink (which has to be beer). What can be derived from this is that when adults are relaxing and in the mood to have fun, they will likely want beer. 2. Acquiring: Getting

The Silk Road Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Silk Road - Essay Example Traveling and exchange of goods were at a limited and minimal level until the establishment of the Silk Roads. Silk Road is the collective term used to point the interconnected routes for transportation of goods across China and Mediterranean (Liu, 2010). The seemingly safe route established from the halted military conflicts among regions attracted merchants from different parts of the world (Liu, 2010). This focus in trade and market roads have enabled the city of Changan to receive the arrival of distinct merchandise – â€Å"Roman glass ware, India cotton textiles, spices, fragrances, gemstones, and woolen textiles of various origins† (Liu, 2010). Premium goods are those rarely found. Silk is common in China but were considered to be infrequent to nomads of the West (Liu, 2010). This is primarily the origin how the term Silk Road is coined. In addition to its perceived high value, silk is one of the items that drove trade because it is light and beauteous (Christian, 2000). Things which are exotic created a demand for them; hence, the trade was dominated by precious stones, spices and silver (Whitfield, 2004). These products were associated with glamour and thus, are deemed precious (Whitfield, 2004). Gems, stones and other jewelries conveyed luxury and very well became symbols of one’s societal status (Whitfield, 2004). Possession of such expensive items became a definition of a person’s capability and societal influence. It is men’s nature to strive to be different. Allocation of foreign goods was one of the measures for people to display grandiose peculiarity. Amidst global diversity, there still is a common ground with which every culture can be identified (Haskoz, Iyer and Seshadri, 2012). McNeill emphasized the significance of contact and communication among civilizations. He also gave focus that aside from material goods, diseases and immunity to some of it are passed onto different cultures

Observations at Roosevelt middle school Essay Example for Free

Observations at Roosevelt middle school Essay I observe at Roosevelt Middle School, which is in River Forest, in Mrs. Brauns sixth grade English class on Tuesdays in the morning. As I have observed, I have noticed that the classroom is student-centered. During computer time, Mrs. Braun focused more on helping the students get into the computer program to start the assignment than on having enough time to get the assignment done. Several times, Mrs. Braun gave helpful comments on how to do things on the computer or in the program, such as how to install automatic spell check. Mrs. Braun was also very patient as she was being asked questions while she was trying to explain the assignment. From what I saw, some students were getting bored, though, while the assignment was being explained and started whispering to each other. However, the whispering did stop when the students had to get started on the assignment. I have also observed that there seems to be a strong set of rules in place in Mrs. Brauns classroom. This is evident through some of Mrs. Brauns subtle, and not-so-subtle, reminders. For example, she gently made an example of a student by pointing out that his decorated pen (with a silly topper on it) was not allowed in class if it was going to be played and not used. She made a general statement that all pens similar to it are not welcomed is they are going to be played with. Overall, the students follow the rules very well, and there have not been any severe disruptions. There has only been whispering occasionally, but it stopped when Mrs. Braun asked. Disciplinary strategies seem to be in place as well, although I have not seen any discipline used while I have been observing the class. There is even a routine in place in the classroom for each period. During period one, first of all, old assignments are collected by Mrs. Braun, and then vocabulary is covered. Then a vocabulary assignment is given with any other new assignments on what is being cover in class. Next the teacher reads or goes over any assigned readings from the book that is being covered in class. This is the same basic routine for period two. The third period is computer time and the routine seems to vary. There is a quick transition from activity to activity during these routines. The classroom environment is that of a basic classroom setting. There are some decorations and other things hanging on the wall. Among the decorations is a hand-made calendar on the wall by Mrs. Brauns desk. There is a history of each students last name on the wall on the other side of Mrs. Brauns desk. There seems to be a controlled temperature and lighting in the classroom and they are set at an adequate setting. The room is arranged with five groups of desks in a circular type shape. In the middle of the room is a cart where new assignments are put and reading journals are kept. There are different locations throughout the room for different supplies. With the layout of the room, it seems there is adequate space to move around and do in-class activities. The physical space also seems conducive to teaching and learning. The physical space, including seating and grouping arrangements, seems to enhance cooperation and learning because there seems to be fewer distractions around them. There seems to be fewer distractions because the students have less people to talk to than if they were seated in rows, though they may still be tempted to talk. This classroom seems to function well as a total environment through its layout. I have observed many things in my first two observations in Mrs. Brauns class. The students do a lot of in-seat assignments, such as handouts. There seems to be a few good projects being done but they are done mostly outside of class. I feel that some time should be spent in class working on the projects, even if it is 10-15 minutes. The layout seems like both a good idea and a bad idea. It seems like a good idea because if one student gets stuck on something, there are others around to help. It seems to be a bad idea, though, because of what I stated before, there is still the temptation for the students to talk when they are not suppose to and distract each other. The only implication I have is that it seems that some old methods are hard to leave behind, such as busy work (hand outs), for more interactive methods (interaction with each other).

Female Education In Pakistan Theology Religion Essay

Female Education In Pakistan Theology Religion Essay Do you think education is important for the development of a nation? Napoleon Bonaparte said, Give me an educated mother, I shall promise the birth of a civilized nation. Education has a key role in the development of a country. As about half of the population of world is female, female education is as necessary as male education. We have seen in the history of the world that those nations are in the lines of leading developed nations who have educated their women and men equally. But unfortunately the situation of female education in Pakistan is not as good as it should be. Many organizations are working for its improvement. There are some major obstructions in the way of female education but the situation may be improved if some steps are taken with responsibilities. Importance of female education is obvious to everyone. Education of female is necessary for a society in many ways. Firstly educated mothers can educate children in a better way as compared to uneducated woman. She can understand the difficulties coming to students in seeking education. Secondly educated mothers bring up children with more care than uneducated woman. Moreover, Education gives girls and women power to decide about their life and life style. She knows how her right and can raise her voice for her right in the world. Lower female education has a negative impact on economic growth as it lowers the average level of human capital. If we look at the success of European countries, that is only because of their education system. They take education seriously the education of men and women equally. That is the only cause why they are developing so fast. But the situation in Pakistan is totally reversed people understand education necessary for men and not for women. The siFatuation of female education in Pakistan is not satisfying. According to Pakistan Social and Living Measurement survey 2008-2009, the literacy rate of women was only 45%. The rate was 41.75% in 2004. It means the rate was increased only by 3.25% in the duration of five years. It is very disappointing as compared to any other developing country for example India which has the female education rate of 74%. The ratio of female to male education which is 45 to 69 is not good too. The situation is worse in Khyber Pukhtunkhwa and Baluchistan in which female literacy rate is 31% and 23% respectively. The ratio of female to male education in these provinces is 31/69 and 23/62. The situation is alarming in the country especially in the provinces mentioned above. According to Pakistan educational statistics 2006-2007, there are total 64,309 and 46,270 schools for boys and girls respectively. The number of mixed schools is 36,112. While the situation of Khyber pukhtoonkhwa and Balochista n is especially worse. There are only 8,016 girl schools in KPK while the number of girls school is 2,898 in Baluchistan. The statistics shows that the situation is highly alarming for the development of Pakistan we should improve the situation otherwise the dream of success of Pakistan will not be fulfilled. There are some problems occurring in the way of female education in Pakistan. Religious misinterpretation is one of them. Some people consider female education against religion so they do not let their daughters get education. They are afraid that girls will become liberal when they are educated. In some areas of Pakistan extremism (so called Islamic extremists) badly affected female education. Many girls school were destroyed in the current wave of extremism in the country. Girls were not allowed to go to schools and colleges. Malala Yousafzai, a 14 year girl who raised her voice for the education of girls was attacked by the extremists. Lack of knowledge about the importance of female education is another obstruction. People dont consider education important for woman. They dont feel woman can take part in social life after getting education. They consider the job of woman limited to home. In some areas culture does not allow woman to seek education. For example, the tribal areas o f Pakistan where woman are not allowed even to go out of their home. Society does not allow girls/women to develop their human capabilities by precluding them from acquiring education. Lack of emphasis on the importance of womens education is one of the cardinal features of gender inequality in Pakistan. Chaudhry, I. Rahman, S. (2009). As for as Islam is concerned, it is the most accused religion about gender inequality. Dr. Raheeq Abbasi, secretary general Minhajul Quran International states that this is a sad accusation made upon Islam while knowledge is one of the basic pillars on which the building of Islam is raised. This is a fact that the first revelation upon the holy prophet contained the word read. There is no disagreement within Islam regarding the seeking of knowledge being binding and obligatory. He states that the there are more than five hundred verses in the Holy Quran which highlights the importance of seeking of knowledge. ( Abbasi, 2009 ). Islam has its clear concept about education. According to the Holy Quran, Say: Can those who have knowledge and those who do not be alike? So only the wise do receive the admonition. [Al-Zumar, 39:9.]. The Holy Prophet (S.A.W) said, Acquisition of knowledge is binding on all Muslims (both men and women without any discrimination). [Narrated by Ibn Maja in al-Su nan, 1:81 224.]. It is evident from the Holy Quran and Hadiths that there is no gender discrimination in seeking knowledge. Also study of the life of Holy Prophet shows that he made special arrangement for the education of women. But there are some conditions that Muslim women should follow while going out for education. In Islam woman is not allowed to go out without pardah. As stated in the holy Quran. And direct the believing women that they (too) must keep their eyes lowered and guard their chastity, and must not show off their adornments and beautification except that (part of it) which becomes visible itself. [Al-Nur, 24:31.]. In another place Allah says, O Prophet! Say to your wives, your daughters and the women of believers that, (whilst going out,) they should draw their veils as coverings over them. It is more likely that this way they may be recognized (as pious, free women), and may not be hurt (considered by mistake as roving slave girls). And Allah is Most Forgiving, E ver-Merciful. [12 Al-Ahzab, 33:59.]. Many organizations are working for the development of female education in the country. In government sector Federal and Provincial ministries are active to develop female education. Schools are being constructed for girls in the areas where needed. Some schemes are being evolved in girls schools to persuade girls to seek education. For example, books are distributed free of cost up to high schools. But this is not fulfilling the need. The announcements are often not brought to action. Education has only 2% in the total budget of the country. Moreover some Non-government organizations are also working. These NGOs are arranging seminars and functions all over the country in order to make people aware about the importance of female education in Pakistan. They are also distributing free textbooks, other general knowledge books, sports equipments and even food for in the school girls in order to persuade girls to schools. There are some difficulties for them to them. Some local religious leaders do not allow them to work in their areas. They think their policy is to make people away from religion. Therefore people are directed not to contribute with them in the cause as they are carrying people away from the religion. Some local organizations are also working for cause Alkhidmat foundation, a local Islamic NGO is working for female education. It gives scholarships to the needy students all over the country. The situation of female education can be improved if some bold steps are taken. First of all teachers and students should play their role in the cause. This may be done by making people aware about the importance of female education by arranging seminars and function around the country especially in the rural areas. Secondly religious scholars should take part in this cause. As religious misinterpretation is one of the major obstacles in the way. People do not have clear idea of religion about female education. They should tell the clear idea of religion about education especially female education and also the conditions for female to go outside home to seek education. Next, Government should take some steps to improve the situation. Government has to make awareness in people regarding female education. It should construct girls schools in the areas where there the number of schools is very low. As many people do not let their girls get education in co-education system. There should be complete separate schools and also female staff for the girls. As Education has only 2% in the annual budget. Government should spend more on education in their annual budgets. The non-government organizations working for female education also have to play their role in the cause by making awareness in such a way that people would not consider it against their religion. Special attention should be given to the areas where the situation is alarming. It is obvious from the above discussion that the situation of female education in Pakistan is much lower than the need of the time. Females are not given the right of seeking education. There are many obstructions in the way of female education which include religious misinterpretation, current wave of extremism in the country and lack of knowledge about the importance of female education, many organizations are working for the improvement of situation in government as well as non-government sectors. The situation can be improved if every individual play its role with responsibility. Teachers, students, religious leaders and scholars, government and non government organizations can make it better if they know and fulfill their responsibilities. Abbasi, DR. Raheeq, (2009). Women Education In Islam. 1st ed. Pakistan: Minhaj Ul Quran International. Chaudhry, I. Rahman, S. (2009). The Impact of Gender Inequality in Education on Rural Poverty in Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis. European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences, Issue 15, 2009.

Understanding Of The Diversity Of Family Sociology Essay

Understanding Of The Diversity Of Family Sociology Essay The key family types are Nuclear, Extended, Reconstituted and Lone parent. These are the family types that exist in contemporary Britain. The basic premise is that the family structure depends upon social and economical circumstances as such family definition is open to cultural interpretation, norms and values. Whilst the family is adaptable-over the last Three hundred years in Britain, the family has changed and adapted, as we have moved from an agricultural society to industrial society. Sociologist George Peter Murdoch who defined the universal Family concept stated: The nuclear family is a universal human social grouping. Either as the sole prevailing form of the family or as the basic unit from which more complex forms compounded, it exists as a distinct and strongly functional group in every society The concept of the pre industrial extended family is somewhat of a misrepresentation when you consider death rates of working class families. The extended family is referred to as vertical extensions; Aunts, uncles, cousins and siblings -grandparents, children, and grandchildren who all live together, are referred to horizontal extensions the sexual relationships, and are monogamous within the extended and nuclear family. Polygamous relationships do exist within extended family, although this is predominately within specific cultures and religions. Examples being in the Moslem faith the act of polygamy are still practised; further more there are Christian sects such as the latter Day Saints who still practise polygamy, although such relationships are not legal within the European or American laws. The extended family can also be viewed as that of an extension to the nuclear family thru the inclusion of elders, such as grandparents, as many loan parents are female and they may well life or near their mothers, creating a matriarchal family extended unit. Extended reconstructed family, is considered to be when two opposite sex, or same sex adults with dependent children, either marry or cohabitate: thereby forming a reconstructed family over wise known as step families. Therefore it is not surprising that the most rapidly growing family type is that of the Reconstructed / stepfamily. Statistically most children stay with their mothers when their parents either divorce or separate so most children in a reconstructed family have step fathers this brings in to question the social as opposed to the biological care and nurture. It is quite common in British contemporary society for cohabitation of unmarried parents. The average is 31% of all parents as quoted (http://www.esrcsociet ytoday.ac.uk/ESRCInfoCentre/PO/releases/2004/june/stepfamilies.aspx) In contemporary society British society today Lone parenting is still predominately female orientated, however not exclusively as there has been a steady rise in men taking on the role of lone parenting estimates are that an average 11% of lone parents are now men. Attitudes in society have changed towards the lone parents. Nonetheless they are still passively ostracised from main stream society, by the media and government: as being less able, and a drain on society this is a view most commonly associated with conservatism as such in todays society the conservatives plan to introduce a tax that benefits the traditional stereo typical nuclear family which will effectively penalise both cohabiters and lone parents. www.telegraph.co.uk//conservative//Tories-5-billion-tax-breaks-for-married-couples-benefit-rich-most.html therefore in reality stigma still exists for lone parents. Single mothers were not socially acceptable in pre industrialised Britain, nor early industrialised any off spring were sent to childrens homes. There are notorious examples of how the mother and children were often treated, and can be found in Irelands History of Catholic unmarried mothers (http://www.catholicherald.co.uk/reviews/r0000523.shtml. Functionalists believed in a theory that the nuclear family is a positive social institution. Their view point is one of conservatism, which asserts it meets the needs of a contemporary industrial society. Functionalist emphasise that the ideal family type in modern society, is that of a traditional nuclear family. Their view of the nuclear family comprises of a worker husband and stay at home wife and 2.4 children. US sociologists have developed this approach, in particular Murdock, Parsons and Goode. The functional perspective on the family identifies a number of functions families will characteristically carry out: reproduction, socialisation, nurture, family hierarchy and family emotional support. Talcott Parson was a leading American sociologist in the 1950s who believed that the family was structured on the stabilisation of the adult family members and the socialisation of children. Based on a series of complex social structures and roles that needed to be adhered to achieve maximum family, social and cultural gratification -The social system consists of three systems a personality system, a cultural system and a physical environment to which the individual and society must adjust. Parsons model of key systems and sub systems further developed to define four functional prerequisites these are adaptation, to a physical environment, goal attainment, the ability to manage one self and resources to achieve its goals and obtain gratification, integration, the ability to form skills and ways to deal with differences and finally latency to achieve comparative stability. Each system consequently develops four specialist subsystems to be able to meet these mental and physical requir ements. There four systems are cultural, social, personality and biological- these systems are further broken down to four subsystems, these being (in hierarchical order) the socialisation system, the institutions of social control and integration, the political system goal attainment and the economic system adaptation. The feminist view on family is diverse, as the feminist school of thought has many layers from the liberal to the radical each having very different perspectives on family and the impact of family on woman, family and society. In general all feminists have been critical of the effects of family life on women however these views are dramatically different if not diametrically opposed. Liberal feminists reject the concept that family lives are reflections of the economic structure of society. They believe that the cultural and social aspects of male/female inequality are central to an understanding of the feminist issues. It is fair to say that most feminists believe that the family unit oppresses women and keeps men in power. This is based on the belief that society is patriarchical (male dominated) Patriarchy is defined as the combination of ideologies, cultural practices and systems which keep men in power. The three types of feminism liberal, Radical and Marxist aim to challenge patriarchy in different ways: Liberal feminists believe that the family is in essence institutionalised sexism, because its supports the mainstream culture which is also sexist. They advocate change through legislation and education. Jennifer Somerville a Liberal feminist http://soc.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/31/4/673 asserts that the Radical and Marxist feminist have failed to take in to the account the changes in society that have enabled woman to enter the work force as equals to men, nor the social changes that removed the restrictions on females, such as child care, and the running of the home have changed. Men in society today, are far more likely be involved in the care and nurturing of their respective children and many men now enjoy the shared responsibility of caring for the child and home. The man is no longer elevated to the head of the house; as such equality in the home and family is being achieved. The Radical Feminist Kate Millett (Sexual Politics, 1971 argued that Sociology examines the status quo, calls it phenomena, and pretends to take no stand on it, thereby avoiding the necessity to comment on the invidious character of the relationship between the sex groups it studies. Yet by slow degrees of converting statistic to fact, function to prescription, bias to biology (or some other indeterminate) it comes to ratify and rationalise what has been socially enjoined or imposed into what is and ought to be. And through its pose of objectivity, it gains a special efficacy in reinforcing stereotypesFunctionalists, like other reactionaries, are out to save the family. Radical feminists view the family and men as the enemy within, which is both insidious and damaging to woman. Radical feminists believe that patriarchy is the central starting place of division in society. Essentially men exploit women as husbands, partners, sons and brothers. This manipulative relationship is reflect ed in the family; in which women do all the work for the benefit of men thus reinforcing the capitalist bourgeois ideology. Men are viewed as the enemy by radical feminists who have created a divide within the feminist ranks, as they believe that no female should be dominated or controlled, and the only way to achieve this, is to not participate in any sexual relationship with men. Valerie Bryson (1992) who bases her feminist philosophy as Marxist, argues all radical feminists see the oppression of women as the most fundamental and universal form of domination whilst this view is polarised within radical feminist thinking, it cannot be seen as definitive or even based in the feminist combined ideology. The Marxist feminist perspective argues that the principle source of division in society is class therefore the exploitation of women is indispensable to the continuation of capitalism The family produces and nurtures the next generation of workers at no cost obvious cost to the capitalists system woman doing housework is an unpaid role, which benefits the capitalist, woman were also viewed as cheap labour, before the equality laws were originally implemented in Britain in 19 75 which has gone thru many iterations, and the latest sexual equality act http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/corporate/pdf/equalityimpactassessment.pdf was published in 2007. The earliest view of the family developed from a Marxist perspective is contained in Friedrich Engelss The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State (Engels, 1972, first Published 1884) Engels stated that: The monogamous bourgeois nuclear family developed to help solve the problem of the inheritance of private property men needed to know who their children were in order to pass on their property to their heirs .The family is therefore designed to control women and protect property Freindrich Engles views the nuclear family as a creation of capitalism, specifically designed as patriachical, its primary purpose is to ensure and perpetuate male domination and power through the male only inheritance of land and property It therefore served the interests of capitalism to keep woman economically and socially of less value to society than men. The Marxist feminist view the tasks carried out by woman as reaffirming male dominance therefore house work, child care, cooking and emotional support are seen as detrimental to woman. Women also provide the sexual and emotional support to the husband or partner, in doing so the role is seen as one of submission to the hierarchy of the male head of family. Christine Delphy and Diana Leonard described the everyday situation of family as familiar exploitation however every example could be seen as simply supportive and part of a loving relationship. Todays family in contemporary Britain is made up of different family groups, cultures, ethnicity, class and economic status. There are more isolated nuclear families, which have either migrated to Britain, or moved geographically within Britain families who will have their own norms and values, based on cultural, religious, class or economics which they will bring with them, and incorporate in to their new life. Lone parents who work, as well as mothers from the traditional nuclear families who work, as a financial necessity or a career option. Same sex parents, who now have the same marriage and parenting rights as heterosexual parents. More people live together before marriage, children born outside marriage; all of these are now norms and values socially and culturally. Family and the definition of whats constitutes family and who actually benefits from the family has not changed. We create life and then teach our children. Families provide the care and nurturing essential to th e learning of who we are, and where we form, what has changed is the is open to personal need and interpretation. Essentially the choices of how family is defined are to fluid in their nature and to diverse, to be able to any other than a personal preference of how to live. Nor should government or society be so prescriptive and controlling to impose. In reviewing the different family types, mainly all have positives and negatives however when reviewing Murdochs assertion that every society had a form of the nuclear family , this was incorrect, as both Nayar and Kibbutz proved that the function of family can be performed equally in a society other than the western defined confines of the nuclear family structure. Different cultures, values and norms, create variations of family and also place different importance on the family status in society. In todays society we have many variations of family, same sex families, same sex lone parents, and same sex adoption. As such the traditional term of family is used incorrectly as an outdated social ideal. The world has changed and the attitudes to parenting specifically in Britain have changed. There have been several significant social developments which have brought about changes in social norms and values. The supporters of the nuclear family believe the benefits of the nuclear family are its conservative core norms, and values which underpin the moral, wellbeing of society. They also consider anything else as a failed form of the nuclear family. The traditional roles of men as the breadwinner, and woman as the happy and fulfilled house wife, staying at home, looking after the children is the theme they most project. The Media use this image of happy family relationship, between all ages groups, every day in concepts and products, actively promoting the nuclear family as the social aspiration to happiness, success and fulfilment- the paradox is that in reality many mothers and fathers in todays society, have no choice, because it not a financially viable option, as they would not be able to house or support their selves or their child/children with just one salary. Moreover the woman may be the chief breadwinner, and the husband would then have to embrace role reversal in the nuclear f amily and be a stay at home dad there has been an increase in men staying at home to fulfil the role of house husband, however it is still predominately a female responsibility to care for or arrange alternative care, for children in the nuclear family. The pre industrialised class and economic status had a significant effect on who lived or died an example being if the family was wealthy a land owner, they may well have a more favourable environment in which to increase their chances of survival, although they were still affected by such diseases as the Black Death (Yesinia pestis ) which over a period of two years killed between 30-40% of the entire population of England in both 1348 and 1605. Twice as many poor children died as rich children; the poor in the country were at the mercy of poor harvests, bad weather famine and infections. Also fatalities were higher in the towns where sanitation and overcrowding in poor areas encouraged the spread of the virus. Given that the pre industrial pre-plague population of England was in the range of 5-6 million people, fatalities may well have exceeded or reached as high as 2 million. Urbanisation or isolation neither could supply the basic needs of the poor, so its unlikely that any chi ld surviving the age of sixteen had an extended family, due to the circumstances that they were born in too. Their functionalist view of the family is ideological and unrealistic, as it does not represent a reality of ever changing family, cultural, economical and demographic factors of life and work If nothing else the functionalist view can be seen as a plausible aspiration for some conservative idealists it is however not a viable option for all family types. Equally from a Marxist perspective, the fact that its wrapped in gender and equality issues and that the feminists have such diverse diametrically viewpoints yet have also provided the vehicle for such positives changes in womens rights and social equality, it has to be held up as the champion of woman, yet also recognised as having done its job. Over the last 100 years in England, woman from all classes, ethnicity and culture have gained the right to vote; in the last 50 years working class woman gained entry to university, the right to divorce, and the right to birth control. These changes have impacted society to its very cor e; challenging the definition of the nuclear family and the society it fits into. Religion is slower to change its views on the Nuclear and industrial vision of the nuclear family: for instance where the Catholic Church is politically, ideologically and (possibly) economically powerful, the promotion of marriage, and the ban on contraception have significant consequences for the family, in terms of such things as: size, domestic violence, traditional male/female roles. This ensures the women are still disenfranchised and that emancipation of woman still exists in contemporary modern society. In todays society family is a hot topic. In last 60 years, there has been significant social and cultural change. There is however multiple issues as the pace of change has not be controlled or understood before being implemented. In conclusion its difficult to blithely wrap family in to one perspective, the reality is that there is no ideal family unit and common sense, pragmatism, social, cultural and economical factors must all be taken in to consideration. The western capitalist perspective of the nuclear family, extended family, same sex family or lone parent, do not necessarily translate to other cultures or societies. Equally the views of the feminists do not agree on female equality, or the emancipation and disenfranchisement of woman in todays society. Young girls and boys nurtured by their parents will determine the values and norms relating to their roles in latter life. Woman do have self determination in Britain today this provides the choices necessary on how they live their lives, be that in a nuclear family, in a same sex relationship or as a lone parent. If is impossible to make a definitive choice, as what benefits to the family as a whole, is to provide equal partnership, respect for both genders and a secure loving environment- in saying that domestic violence, drugs alcohol could all present as negatives. The liberal feminist stance resonant as the most pragmatic and balanced view whilst the radicals and Marxist feminist views are polarised in a gender war.

Recreational Marijuana Should NOT Be Legal Essay -- Anti Marijuana Ess

The first law that regarded marijuana in America required farmers to grow hemp in the year 1619 for clothing, rope, and other materials, but â€Å"as early as 1840, doctors recognized the medical applications of marijuana, and the drug was freely sold in pharmacies for over a century.† (Rich and Stingl). In 1937, the use and possession of marijuana was made illegal, but â€Å"before 1937 marijuana was freely bought, sold, grown, and used.†(Rich and Stingl). In 1970 the congress decided to classify marijuana as a schedule one drug, which has made the legalization more difficult, â€Å"schedule one drugs are considered dangerous, addictive, and have no medical benefits.†(Rich and Stingl). Marijuana fits the schedule one drug classification because marijuana is dangerous to people’s health, has been found to be addictive if used daily, and also has no medical benefits because marijuana can cause more health problems than it can cure. Recreational marijuana should not be legalized because of the many negative health effects it has on a person. Marijuana has a big effect on the lungs and when marijuana is smoked it can cause harm to the lungs. The smoke from marijuana has cancer causing substances in it. â€Å"Smoking marijuana can cause large air sacs, called bullae, to form. Bullae normally form in young marijuana smokers (less than 45 years old.)† (Drake and Slatore). Marijuana smoke has the same harmful chemicals that tobacco products contain, and marijuana smokers develop lung damage because of this. The fact that marijuana smokers hold the smoke in their lungs longer than tobacco smokers and there is no filters in bongs, bowls, blunts, or joints, there is no safe way to smoke marijuana. Blunts are the wrapping of a cigar filled with marijuana, a... ...re Health Effects?† WebMD, Web MD Health New, n.d. Web 2 Feb 2014. Drake, Matthew G., and Christopher G. Slatore. â€Å"Smoking Marijuana and the Lungs.† American Thoracic Society: Patient Information Series. 187. (2013) n. page.Print. â€Å"Marijuana Abuse.† National Institute on Drug Abuse: The Science of Drug abuse and Addiction. NIH, n.d. Web. 4 Feb 2014. Rich, Alex K. Stingl, Alexander. â€Å"Legalization of Marijuana: An Overview.† Points of View: Legalization of Marijuana (2013):1. Points of View Reference Center. Web. 4 Feb. 2014 United States. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Drugs and Human Performance Fact Sheets. Washington, DC: Washington State Wright, George Newton, Heather. â€Å"Counterpoint: There Are No Good Reasons to Legalize Marijuana.† Points of View: Legalization of Marijuana (2013): 2 Points of View Reference Center. Web. 4 Feb 2014

My Journey :: fictional narrative

It was late afternoon, when I just stepped into the house. The silence had captured the room. I was tired. My body felt like dead, but my mind was beyond that. A blue, blue frame caught my eyes. The deep blue sank my thoughts deeper and deeper and made them flow away as the waves pushed them more into the magic, no ending space. I was looking at the world itself, and seemed like it was standing at the palm of my hand. Some things seemed awkward while this world was rotating. Lots of mysteries surrounded my boat, as I was going further in this magnificent journey.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fishes along with other ocean creatures were curios to know where this boat was going to bring us all. I was curios too. My curiosity reached to the point, where few houses appeared and beautiful palms seemed to wave at me from far. I left the boat closer to the shore and I followed the way that the palms were. The houses were one into another, very close to each other. The streets were narrow and everything seemed empty and lifeless. The darkness that surrounded the place, made it become more mysterious than it was.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As I was walking alone and looking at every corner of the place, I sow few old people. My thoughts went deeper than ever. My mind was telling me to continue my walk, but my body seemed frightened and frozen. But my curiosity to know that, how this beautiful place had only few people and that they were all old made my body to go on further. It was a very different place from others. I was thinking as I was going through this streets and looking at the houses, to knock in one of them, but my phone went off and my thoughts got stuck in that house. It was a big and very old house. It was my friend who called. I sow myself cutting the conversation with him to go back into the journey and get back my thoughts. I sat back at the same place I was, and the house appeared in front of me. I looked at the house, and its doors and windows and the whole house was trying to tell me something that I could not understand. In front of the house, was a beautiful girl. She was the first young person there.

The Branding of IKEA Essay -- Business Management Studies Essays Paper

The Branding of IKEA Company background The first catalogue was introduced in 1951 and with this the founder saw his chance to expand his business on a larger scale, and this was the year he decided to completely focus on low-price furniture, as from the beginning IKEA sold mainly matches, watches, Christmas decorations, picture frames and jewellery. In 1956 the company came up with the concept of 'flat-pack' self-assembly furniture. The first international IKEA store was introduced in Norway in 1963, and was soon followed by the opening of stores in Denmark, Germany, Australia, Canada, and Austria. In 1987 the first IKEA opened in the UK, and in 2001 the company had 143 stores in 22 countries. Today we are the leading furniture retailer in the UK with a 12.1% before MFI and DFS. Our Brand - an introduction The brand name is associated with feelings, attitudes or different meanings, and in our minds it is connected with a certain image. All inspired by the logo, design or colour. Branding is a way to differentiate one company, its service or product, from competitors. But also to provide it with a personality which is both appealing and unique to their potential customers. It is a multifaceted, disciplined and multilayered process. IKEA is seen as friendly, quirky, trendy, social, young, independent, witty and relaxed. Usually the personality of a brand is described as a person, with its different characteristics. The importance of branding In the past decade companies are starting to see their brand assets, and with this branding has taken on a greater significance. So today brands are more than just marketing slogans and logos. All businesses are building their brands through certain actions and in their actual presence they find a 'position' in the mind of consumer and prospects. This is based on experience and exposure of the brand in the competitive marketplace. There are certain advantages to take into account in a Brand Strategy; Financial Advantages, Strategic Advantages and Management Advantages. The financial advantages may be higher sales, and for the companies with more market shares; higher margins. IKEA is one of the leaders in its market place, and therefore many other brands in that particular sector may be 'hitchhiker' brands following us and other leaders (such as MFI and DFS). Strategic Advantages... ...ours, and the name written across in bold letters. It is very much a trademark and this same logo has been used from a very early stage. Conclusion I hope this will help you understand the importance of branding within IKEA. Our company has been a worldwide success for so many years, and this has already created an image in most peoples minds, they associate the name IKEA and the logo with purchase or from one of the award winning advertising campaigns which have been run throughout the world. It is incredibly important to build brand awareness when introducing a new product onto the market, and our company has already achieved this, but there is still the need to maintain customer and market. Bibliography * Mintel (2002) * Internet * San Juan de la Pena website * Rieboviz, Rik * De Chernatony, Leslie (2001) From Brand Vision to Brand Evaluation, Butterworth-Heinemann * Brassington, Frances, Pettitt, Stephen (2000) Principles of Marketing, Prentice Hall * Butterfield, Leslie (1999) Excellence in Advertising, 2nd edition, Butterworth-Heinemann * Nilson, Torsten H (1998) Competitive Branding, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Business Plan Analysis – Private Concepts

Memorandum Re: Business Plan Assessment – Private Concepts Critically analyzing a business plan for its viability and opportunity for success is absolutely necessary from any stakeholder’s perspective. Doing so aides an investor in knowing whether or not to invest, a bank in deciding on a loan, or even a partner in his/her decision to join a venture.But perhaps most importantly, a critical analysis of a business plan can and will help the entrepreneur to assess whether or not an idea under its current platform is worth undertaking, or if it is back to the drawing board they go. The purpose of this memo is to assess the business plan of Private Concepts, a company hoping to bring to market The Pevlon, a cervical cancer screening device made for private, in-home use. The opportunity for such a device absolutely exists both here in the United States and abroad.For one, the plan mentions The Breast and Cervical Cancer Mortality Act of 1990 which, â€Å"mandated a nationwid e program to increase access of medically underserved women to comprehensive breast and cervical cancer screening services,† and when coupled with the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act that was recently passed, the amount of free (to consumer; paid for by the government) access to this product creates potential for a high demand in this country.In foreign countries however, such as rural China and even Africa, where access to healthcare and proper healthcare facilities can be extremely rare, the appetite for this type of product could be tremendously significant. And there lies the first issue with this business plan. According to the Lancet Oncology medical journal, Volume 11, Issue 12, â€Å"75,000 women develop cervical cancer and 40,000 women die from the disease in China each year. † Those numbers in the United States are only about 12,000 and close to 4,000 respectively (cdc. ov). This exemplifies a larger need for this product abroad as opposed to right here in the states. And to focus on the opportunity in China, a Wall Street Journal publication explains how China’s healthcare system is lacking in general, but puts a microscope on the disparity in quality healthcare between rural and urban areas (Burkitt, 2012). These rural areas in China represent a large opportunity (much larger than any market in the United States) for The Pevlon.And so although the opportunity does exist for the business plan’s product, it is evident that the opportunity accentuated in the business plan is not the optimal one (aside from appealing to non-profits or other entities that would utilize the Pevlon in charitable, undoubtedly foreign ventures – this should have been a more significant portion of the plan). Additionally, the opportunity in the United States has not necessarily been proven to the point where one could consider the need for the product as pervasive enough to where the consumer is willing to pay for it.And pay for t hey would have to, because as the plan notes in the chart on page 10, a Pevlon screen costs 50% more than a typical pap smear. This exemplifies that pricing is going to be an issue. The health care market is highly dependent on the insurance industry, especially when there are product substitutes. Take pharmaceuticals for example. In group health care, policies are dictated by the contract that is in place and the majority of these contracts will sway the policy holder to utilize generic medications.This is done by the insurance carrier covering a larger percentage of generic medications than name brand ones, which ultimately costs the carrier less. So if a pap smear is less costly by 50% than a Pevlon test, carriers may still cover the device, but the â€Å"incentive† to utilize the cheaper procedure will absolutely be in place. Additionally, the business plan identifies lower income women as a target market, but fails to explain how a more expensive procedure will be a viab le option for this segment group. But even when the entire U. S. arket (via a sample size) is observed on page 19 of the plan, less than half of the women surveyed (46%) stated they would utilize the in-home Pevlon test even if most or all of it was covered by insurance. And if insurance reimbursement is removed completely, only 11. 2% of women would purchase the product. It would be interesting to see if there were follow up inquiries related to this line of questioning because a hypothesis is that some women, or maybe even a lot of women, may not trust themselves to complete such an important test at home.These women may simply prefer to rely on the expertise of a medical professional. And along these same lines, I feel as though the plan is silent on a very important aspect when it comes to assessing the true market of this product: how many women are in fact uncomfortable with going to a physician’s office to have a pap smear completed and would those women be more comfor table completing such a screen at home?Yes, there is a quote stating how uncomfortable the procedure is (which is in fact the first thing the reader sees underneath the Executive Summary heading), but it is somewhat suspect that this quote is anonymous and that there is no quantifiable evidence proving this notion to be true. So what is the actual desirability of this product? There really is no proof of it within the business plan and if I was investing in this product, I would need this â€Å"proof. † Aside from the ambiguous desirability of the product, there are a number of other concerns that should really stick out to the potential investor.On page 12 of the business plan there is a section that lays out the testing and approval stage for the Pevlon device. There are 6 steps in this section and only 1 of which have been completed, which happens to be the least significant of steps. The remaining rigmarole of securing FDA approval, obtaining the green light to conduct cl inical studies, actually conducting these studies, etc. could easily take upwards of a decade to complete. From the perspective of an investor or a bank assessing a loan, this is entirely too long a process for someone to simply START making their money back.This exemplifies how difficult a market healthcare can be to get into, and that the barriers involved are simply too high. Additionally, the Pevlon is not necessarily a onetime revenue generator, but it comes uncomfortably close. In 2009, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) released new cancer screening guidelines. According to ACOG, women now need to begin screening at age 21 as opposed to 18, and women ages 21 to 30 only need to be screened once every two years; women 30 and older only once every 3 years (Cox, 2009).The final qualms that I have concerning this business plan is the window of opportunity associated with the product, and the amount of time it will take for Private Concepts to become a p rofitable company. There does not appear to be an actual window of opportunity as the business plan does not thoroughly prove the market segment. Anecdotally I polled a number of women in my life with whom I am comfortable bringing this subject up and all of them (4) took the opinion that their screenings are not a major source of stress or discomfort, but rather they have come to accept it as â€Å"part of the routine of life. And in regards to becoming a profit generating entity, right up front on page 3 of the business plan, it is shown in the chart that Private Concepts would not be in the black until 5 years of doing business. What’s most concerning is that 5 years is still merely a hypothesis and that the organization is seeking over three million dollars in funding basically right out of the gate. Conceptually, the idea of a self administered, in home cervical cancer screening is a good idea.It poses benefits such as convenience and avoiding uncomfortable screenings a t a physician’s office. Private Concepts missed the mark in their business plan however, in a number of ways. The market was identified too ambiguously and the plan did not clearly exemplify certain key aspects of said market such as how many women actually would prefer an in home screen versus one performed in a physician’s office. Where to market and focus sales efforts was clearly stated, however, the idea to sell first in the United States is not the best possible plan of action.Private Concepts should as the plan mentions, manufacture the product off shore in order to maximize profit margins, but at the same time the pricing point should be rethought considerably in order to capitalize on the more fruitful markets of places like rural China and Africa. Appealing to non-profits and government entities that might focus on these foreign demographics was a small piece of the business plan, but it should have been more of a focus.Finally, in this assessment I had the a dvantage of hind sight and context. This business plan won the Moot Corp competition in 2002 with what appeared to be a viable business plan at the time. This product has yet to come to market and I was unable to find anything stating that the Pevlon has been approved by the FDA. This does not necessarily hold any bearing on this analysis of the business plan; however, it does prove to a certain extent, a lot of the shortcomings that were found within this business plan.Academically and structurally the plan was very well done, however in practical application it is easy to see how and why the Pevlon is still an unknown product to virtually the entirety of the woman population in the United States. Arbyn, Marc. HPV-Based Cervical Cancer Screening in China. The Lancet Oncology. 2010;11(12):1112 – 1113. Burkitt, Laurie. Report: China’s Healthcare System Deeply Sick. The Wall Street Journal. http://blogs. wsj. com/chinarealtime/2012/08/29/report-chinas-health-care-system- deeply-sick. 9 August 2012. Date Accessed: 23 January 2013. Cervical Cancer Statistics. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Gynecologic Cancers. http://www. cdc. gov/cancer/cervical/statistics. 20 December 2012. Date Accessed: 23 January 2013. Cox, Lauren & Dr. Joshua Hundert. New Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines: No More ‘Annual’ Pap Smears. ABC, Good Morning America. http://abcnews. go. com/GMA/OnCall/guidelines-ditch-annual-pap-smears/story? id=9131632. 20 November 2009. Date Accessed: 23 January 2013.

Narration essay

It was early morning, and I was driving to my vacation house. I was not really in a hurry, so I stopped at a McDonalds to grab a burger. It was a typical dingy place you often see in a quiet town, and I was the only customer. Everything was running as usual, and I was in for another 100 miles of monotonous driving through a rural countryside. And then something happened. I walked out of the joint and saw a little boy. He was about seven, and totally alone on a deserted parking lot where my car was the only one at 7 a.m.   He was thin, even skinny, and had a dreamy, absent-minded look on his face. I felt at first like leaving him alone to whatever dreams were weaving together in his mind, but then decided to find out what was going on. After all, he was just a little fellow, and it certainly was not good for him to be here together all on his own. â€Å"Are you waiting for anybody?† I asked. â€Å"No†, he replied. â€Å"Do you live here then?† â€Å"No, I was here with my Dad and Mom, and then they drove away.† â€Å"Away? Are they coming back?† He looked amazingly quiet. â€Å"They said I do not behave myself.† â€Å"How long have you been here then?† Now the little guy looked sad. â€Å"Two hours.† â€Å"Two hours?† I realized I had to take him to the police, to contact somebody in that little place to get the boy back to his normal comfortable life. But was it really that normal if his folks leave him on the road like that? Or did he misinterpret their words? While we were sitting in the police office, he told me about his family. His mom seemed like a good person in his words, but too intimidated by his father. â€Å"She never speaks her own mind if he thinks differently,† the boy said. â€Å"If she says something different, he starts yelling at her.† I did not fell a shade of bitterness in his voice. He was merely narrating a story. â€Å"Does your Dad ever beat you or your sister?† â€Å"It is just me. He slaps me across the face sometimes. He loves her. She is his daughter.† Then he gave me the first warm smile in all the time I had been speaking to him and pulled a picture out of his pocket. â€Å"Isn’t she cute?† The girl was sure lovely, very much like her brother, but with curly blond hair that turned her into a little princess. â€Å"He always brings her presents when he comes back from his trip. She has tons of toys.† I imagined to myself the unhappy lot of a child who lives with the stepfather. He probably suffered a lot, poor little thing. Well, when the parents did come a few hours ago, they were hysterically happy to find their child there. He just ran away on his own, they said. They had not the least intention of leaving him out in the cold. They were nice and loving parents. You’d think they were role models for other families. But I watched the passivity with which the guy moved into the van, and I could not shake off the feeling that something was missing from their words. They were smiling to me, to the policemen, but they seemed oblivious to the boy except the first moments of embraces. I was standing there thinking how the boy’s life will turn out in the long run. Will he ever learn to be loved? Will his relationships later be warmer than his family? I watched them drive away, then turned and walked back to my car. I tried to consider your remarks. If you have other comments, send it back and I will try to fix it as soon as possible.

Sdlc

Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Facebook Cash Manuscript Imran Naseem How To Use The Power Of Facebook To Make Money Imran Naseem http://www. ImranNaseem. com Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) All rights reserved This report is for personal use only. Imran Naseem Copyright 2009 Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Welcome to my latest WSO on how to cash in from the world’s number one social networking site – Facebook. Now I am sure you have all heard of Facebook – it is in fact the world’s third most popular social networking site.When people are too busy talking about Twitter it seems people have actually neglected Facebook. In fact Facebook is so powerful I am going to show you how I have been making money from Facebook and how you can replicate my exact business model and use my strategies. These strategies will help you understand Facebook more and will make sure aware of t he different methods you can use to make lots of money from Facebook. If you have not registered on Facebook already then you are seriously missing out on a lot of cash and a lot of potential customers for your business.Before I get into the meat of this report let me warn you that the methods in this report have been tried and tested and they can work for almost any niche. Also if you have any questions on anything then please do not hesitate to contact me at Naseem. [email  protected] com With all my reports this is going to be a no fluff report on how to make money from Facebook. I will not bore you with a full history of Facebook – if you want a history lesson then you can go ahead and research on Wikipedia on the history of Facebook. This report will mainly cover the following. ? How to use Facebook to make money for CPA ?How to use Facebook Applications to make money ? How to use Facebook and make something go â€Å"viral† I hope you enjoy reading this report a nd you replicate my strategies for Facebook. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Making Money From Facebook I was a sucker when it came to Facebook. In fact I was always sceptical of Facebook but in recent months I have been using Facebook and it has had given me excellent results and made me money. Now I am going to go straight into this. The first thing you will need to do is head over to Facebook and make a new account.Now once you have registered Facebook basically gives you lots of different options to edit your profile. For the best results I always make sure I add my picture to my profile as it gives that bit of extra edge and when it comes to adding people it makes life much easier. Once you have created your Facebook account I would then focus on adding your â€Å"friends†. Now I have two Facebook accounts – one for business (where I have all my friends from the Warrior Forum and the Internet Marketing community) and one for â€Å"my social friends†.For the best results I always have greater success from my second Facebook account which has all my â€Å"social friends† – people who I meet on a regular basis and people I have either studied with at school or worked with in the past. However, if you only have one main Facebook account then that is not a problem! Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Now the first thing I want to focus on is FACEBOOK GROUPS. Now Facebook Groups are very popular right now because these groups allow like minded individuals to talk about almost anything. So that means you can set up a group today on virtually any topic in the world.The beauty of Facebook Groups is that people can cater towards a certain niche and get together as a community to talk about a certain cause. For example, there have been lots of groups in recent years on the War In Iraq and groups that that relate to something that is happening in the news. For example, the recent Earthquake in Indonesia or the death of Michael Jackson has had an effect on people – I call these type of Facebook groups â€Å"Emotional based groups† because these groups have people who have been effected by the tragic events in the world. There are also groups that call for a â€Å"ban on† something.For example, there have been lots of groups on Facebook that call for â€Å"ban on guns and knives†. I call these type of groups â€Å"Pressure Groups† because these people want something to be done and want to see or would like to see a change in the law. And then there are groups which people set up for â€Å"fun†. For example, there are groups with topics such as â€Å"how fast can you type† or the first to comment gets to win a FREE Iphone. People join these types of groups for fun because they are either bored or at work or may just join because they are curious about something.I call these type of groups â€Å"Fun Groups†. Now for the purposes of this report I will focus on setting up FUN Groups and how to get as many people as possible to join these groups. Now Facebook groups are very popular. Here are just some of the different groups catering different niches. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Here are some Tatoo Groups Here are some groups on Make up Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Here are some groups on BreakdancingThere are so many different niches and topics that people are passionate about. Now I would focus on the niches people are not only passionate about but you will able to get so many people joining in a short space of time. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Now in order to create a Facebook group it is pretty straight forward. Simply head over to http://www. facebook. com/groups. php Next click the â€Å"create group† link. Imran Nas eem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) The next thing you need to do is simply create your group.Now Facebook allows you to enter your Group name so people can find you and also description (now in this box you can enter your URL for any website or affiliate link if you have one). Once you have entered your entire information click â€Å"create group†. Now when it comes to creating your group there are lots of different categories. Because I tend to focus on the â€Å"just for fun† category I usually select this one. However, if your group is going to be on something else for example, a specific niche such as â€Å"weight loss† then I would select the â€Å"specific interest† category. Imran Naseem – http://www.ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Once you have created your group and are happy with it the next thing to do is publish it live. So for example, here is an example group I have set up right now for the purposes of this report. As you can see I have picked an eye catching title – E. g. 1 million girls who love make up. Now as you know the make up niche is huge – 90% of girls love putting make up on and this is why it is easier to target a certain niche. The female market is huge! Now once you have created your group you can edit it, add your URL and start â€Å"inviting people to join†. Now this is important.The more people you have on your Facebook the more chances your group will grow more. For example, let’s say you have over 200 people on your Facebook then the chances are these people will tell their friends about the group and their friends will tell other people until there is a â€Å"viral effect†. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Once you have lots of people who are coming onto your group then I would find an affiliate offer related to your group. For example, there are lots of $1. 00 submit offers related to the beauty niche. These can add u p easily for just the submission of an email address.In order to get more people visiting your group I usually add the following text. (You can use this one for your groups too and replace the relevant words). 1 Join this group. 2 Click on â€Å"Invite People to Join† from the menu on the right. 3 Select all your friends (for this to work, you need to do this). 4 Click on â€Å"Send invitation† It's that simple. THEN PLEASE PRESS THE â€Å"SHARE BUTTON ON THE RIGHT HERE, AND POST THIS GROUP TO YOUR PROFILE. LETS TRY AND GET A MILLION†¦. Also please become a fan of our fanpage at [[URL LINK]] †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. (0 0) . —oOO– (_)—–. ================= ¬  ¦ INVITE ALL YOUR FRIENDS  ¦ L=================- ‘—————oOO †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. |__|__| †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. || || †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. ooO Ooo Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Now groups are an excellent way to buil d a lot of members but my personal favourite way of making money is to create fan pages. Fanpages on Facebook are very popular and anyone can set up a fanpage on almost anything! There are Fanpages on almost anything – celebrities, businesses, people just about anything people have a passion for. I recommend you set up Fanpages over Groups because Fanpages tend to get a lot of people in a short space of time.In fact Fanpages are so popular this article here shows just how popular Fanpages have become with online retailers. There are lots of Fanpages on almost anything. For example, take a look at these following Fanpages for the following niches. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Here are Fanpages on Tattoos. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Here are Fanpages on Breakdancing (As you can see there are just over 13 fanpages – which means if you created a fanpage on breakdancing you can easily beat the competition! ) Imran Naseem – http://www.ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Now in order to create a Fanpage it is pretty simple. Just go to this link at – http://www. facebook. com/pages/create. php Now the next thing you need to do is simply decide on the type of Fanpage you intend to create. I would pick something people are passionate about. The beauty of Facebook is that the traffic is already there. People would be willing to join your Fanpage if you can give them a good reason to join and they would be willing to spread the word for you. For example, giving 1 cent to every person who joins your Fanpage could be one idea.So for example, if 1000 people joined your fanpage then that is a total of $10. 00. Also avoid imitating celebrities as you have to be careful on the type of Fanpage you create. Therefore, for the purpose of this report I would focus on:? Niches people are passionate about – e. g. tattoos and piercing ? Fanpages which are â€Å"fun† – For example, â€Å"how fast can you type†? or 1 million tattoo lovers. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Now once you are ready to create your Facebook fanpage you need to decide on the category. For example, Area, Brand or Artist or â€Å"Other†.I usually head over to the â€Å"Other† category if I cannot find a relevant one to put my fan page under. So above as you can see I have done an example already for you. â€Å"1 Million People who want to be rich†. Now I usually sometimes pick â€Å"fun type† of topics. It is entirely up to you which type of topic you Fanpage you wish to create. For example, after Michael Jackson died in June I created a Fanpage dedicated to the â€Å"King Of Pop† and to this date it has over 360 members. Once you have entered your information simply click the â€Å"create page† link. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog)Now you will be presented with a screen where you b asically have to edit information and images. Make sure you use an image which does not break any copyright laws. However, I have been using images from Google and have not had any problems but I would recommend you use a royalty free image. Here is a cool site for all the royalty free images. http://www. publicdomainpictures. net/ Once you have added your image and added any relevant information to your Fanpage such as URL domain name then simply â€Å"publish your page† so it can go â€Å"LIVE†. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog)As you can see Facebook Fanpages allow you to add pictures, discussions and other things like your own URL. I am sure you have noticed the â€Å"Become a fan† icons on Facebook. These are very popular and â€Å"hot† right now because people love joining Fanpages. Once you have edited your Fanpage and added all the relevant information then simply start directing traffic to it and start getting lots of p eople to join. The first way to do this is click â€Å"Suggest to friends† link on your Fanpage. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Next you simply start sending â€Å"Inviting† people to join your Fanpage.Once people join your Fanpage your Fanpage link appears on their profile page. For example, if I joined a Fanpage then it will say something like â€Å"Imran Naseem became a fan of [[Group name]]† Now the more people you have on your Facebook then the more people who are most likely to join your Fanpage. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Here are some popular Fanpages that have thousands and thousands of active members (This Fanpage is getting members every 5 seconds! ). http://www. facebook. com/pages/Sleeping-with-one-leg-out-of-thecovers/92775959070? ref=ts http://www. facebook. com/pages/Snuggling/85789376823? ef=search&sid=58 8786853. 1957378242.. 1 http://www. facebook. com/pages/Falling-asleep-whilecu ddling/81785496623? ref=search&sid=588786853. 1688146362.. 1 http://www. facebook. com/pages/asdorsiamediacom/Flipping-the-PillowOver-to-Get-to-the-Cold-Side/78247222425 The more members you have on your Facebook Fanpage the better the chances of you making more money. So how do you make money from Facebook Fanpages? Well there are lots of different ways you can monetize your Facebook Fanpages and make money. Remember people will join your Fanpage either they are passionate about something or just for â€Å"fun†.Sometime’s it is best to take advantage of their passion and monetise you’re Facebook Fanpage and make money. For example, people like to talk about things like â€Å"going for a long drive in the dark† – these are every simple â€Å"human† things and a Fanpage like this can help drive not only lots of members in a short space of time but it can also go â€Å"viral†. There are several ways you can make money from your Facebook Fanpage. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) The first way is to promote Clickbank Affiliate Products. For example, let’s ay your Fanpage is about different types of Tattoo designs and it is beginning to get lots and lots of members. The first thing you can do is head over to the Clickbank Marketplace and search for a â€Å"Tattoo related† affiliate product you can promote. As you can see there are lots and lots of different Tatoo related affiliate products that you can promote using your Facebook Fanpage. I usually select the product that has a high â€Å"gravity† and has a good high referral percentage. So for example, let’s say you have a Fanpage on the different types of Tattoo designs and you want to add a URL to your page.Now what you need to do is select the type of product you can promote. So in this case I am going to focus on the products that appear on the first page on the Clickbank marketplace for this niche. I usual ly select the one that has a â€Å"good looking† pitch page. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) So for example, let’s say you are going to select number 2. Here is more information about this affiliate product. We can see that this pays 75% commission for each person who signs up to this membership site. It also has a 91% referral rate and a high gravity.Now with Facebook users I prefer to use â€Å"Direct Linking† because it has the best effect and Facebook users generally take action if they are passionate about something. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Once you have selected the type of Affiliate product you wish to promote simply click â€Å"create hoplink† and then enter your Clickbank nickname. Next Clickbank encrypts your Clickbank affiliate link for the product. Now we are not going to post this â€Å"UGLY LOOKING† affiliate link anywhere on your Facebook Fanpage. However, we are going to mask this affiliate link. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. om (My Blog) The next thing I would do is head over to Godaddy or Namecheap and purchase a domain name. Now in order to keep your costs low I would buy a cheap . info domain name since we are going to be doing â€Å"direct linking† from your Facebook Fanpage to your Clickbank product. So in the case of this example since we are focusing on Tattoos I will purchase a Tattoo related domain name. For example, at the time of writing this report TattooDesignsWorld. info is available and costs just over a dollar to purchase. Now what we are going to do is simply link your domain name to your Clickbank vendor that you intend to promote.Now what we are going to do is use a technique of â€Å"masking† your domain name so anyone who goes to TattooDesignsWorld. info will be automatically forwarded to the vendor page and on the address bar the domain name will replace your affiliate link. Now with Godaddy this is pretty simple and easy to do. The first thing you will need to do is log in to your GoDaddy Account. Once you are logged in simply head over to your domain name that you have purchased until you come across a screen that looks like this. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Next click the â€Å"manage link†.Once you have done that you should see a screen that looks like this (see below). The next thing you need to do â€Å"mask† your domain name. Now as you can see you are presented with several options. At the top you simply paste your Clickbank affiliate link at the top and then head over to â€Å"Forward with masking† and click Ok. Eventually after 10-15 minutes your domain name will be â€Å"masked† with your Affiliate link. So basically anyone who goes to yourdomain. com will be forwarded to your Clickbank vendor page. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog)Now Facebook Fanpages can make you a lot of money in the long-term because just â€Å"One status change† on Facebook can result in money. Facebook users are generally the type who like â€Å"funny, new and wacky† stuff and if they are passionate about something then they will make sure they do something about it. If you need any ideas on the types of Facebook pages to set up then feel free to use sites like Yahoo Answers to see what types of questions people are asking in regards to everyday issues or hobbies etc. I usually create Fanpages on topics/niches that people will constantly talk about.Here are some really cool â€Å"fun Fanpages† ones you can try. I hate people who smoke! I hate people who smoke whilst eating! I hate Sundays! I hate people who stare at you whilst eating! I love sleeping on a cold day! I love eating ice cream on a hot summers day! And here are â€Å"niche Fanpages† you can create and start profiting from 1 Million girls who want to live in a big house when they are marr ied 1 Million fans who love Tattoo Designs 1 Million people who love singing 1 Million people who love to dance 1 million people who love to eat Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. om (My Blog) Now on your Fanpages make sure you regularly update your status and make sure you direct people to your Affiliate Link. For example, if your Fanpage is on Tattoos then send people to your Tattoo Page by having text which includes something like this. For example, grab a Free Tatoo Lovers Profile [[URL LINK]]. Here is an example of a page that is already doing this. http://www. facebook. com/hotchickswithtattoos? ref=search&sid=588786853. 3322830222.. 1 This Fanpage is using this Affiliate Program to direct traffic to using the power of Facebook Fanpages.One of my Facebook Fanpages is making me anywhere from $400-$500 a month on complete Autopilot. The more people that join your fanpage the most likely it will spread and go â€Å"viral†. People will tell other people to join your Fanpage and so on.. The more people that are on your Fanpage then you can message these people on a daily basis. Facebook has a limit on the number of messages you can send to your members but you can send messages to over 1000 people per day. This is the true power of Facebook â€Å"viral marketing† at its best. You can also comment on peoples â€Å"status† and ask people to spread the word about your Fanpage.Potentially hundreds and hundreds of people will see your Facebook fanpage. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Using Fanpages to make money with CPA Affiliate Marketing Now this is one of my favourite strategies of making money on complete Autopilot and it involves making Fanpages and using Low Involvement CPA offers that require just an email address. These type of CPA offers pay anywhere from $1-$2. 00 and these can add up easily. These work best if you have a group for a specific category. For example, you can have a fanpage on à ¢â‚¬Å"the fastest person who enters their email address gets a chance to win a FREE laptop†.These types of Fanpages are another example of â€Å"fun† type of Fanpages. Here are some examples of low involvement CPA offers that pay anywhere form $1. 00-$2. 00 for a simple email address. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Setting up fanpages for Low involvment offers can all add up. For example, lets say you set up 10 different Facebook fan pages each bringnig you constant stream of visitors to your Fanpage. Now if these pages involved people entering their email address and taking action then you can easily make up to $50-$100 a day from these fanpages.It really is that simple! Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) How to spot your competiton for Fanpages! Now with Fanpages you might want to set up a certain fanpage but sometimes there can be occasions where someo ne already has set up a Fanpage on something. This can be quite annoying sometimes. Here is a pretty easy way to look for other competing Fanpages. For example, let’s say you wanted to create a Facebook Fanpage titled â€Å"driving in the rain† Now the first thing to do is enter the phrase â€Å"driving in the rain† in the search bar.As you can see on the left hand side you can see just how many different types of â€Å"pages and groups and applications† there are for this phrase or particular topic†. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Since we are focusing on just Fanpages you can see there is already an existing Fanpage which has just over 800 fans. Now this is good news since we can easily beat this competition since it has not many members. So what you can do is set up a competing fanpage titled â€Å"People who love driving in the rain†. If there are several competing Fanpages for the same niche I would avoid co mpeting and move on to an alternative niche.It is up to you on the type of Fanpage you want to create – either you want to create one for â€Å"fun† with a view to get as many members as possible so you can then later on direct people to a CPA offer or you can create a page with the intention of getting people to fill in your CPA Offers (be careful though as some CPA Networks do not allow incentives traffic so make sure you promote the ones that do). However, I have been promoting 99% of CPA low involvement offers without any problems. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog)Flipping Facebook Fanpages Once your Facebook fanpage has gone â€Å"viral† and it is making you money why not flip it on FLIPPA? There are so many potential buyers out there who would love to purchase Fanpages. If it makes them money then they will easily pay up to $1000-$2000 depending on the number of people you have on your Fanpage. However, I would first make sure yo ur Facebook Fanpage has lots of members, is making you money on Autopilot and also is active. If you have lots of members on your Facebook then you have a much better chance of growing your Fanpage easily.In the next section I am going to talk about how you can make money from Facebook Applications. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Making Money from Facebook Applications Now this is one of the most lucrative areas of Facebook and one that can bring in big profits if done properly. Have you ever noticed those Facebook Applications that people are constantly using? For example, most of these are quizzes and games that people like to try because not only are they curious but they seem interesting. Here are some popular Facebook Applications right now.This Application â€Å"predicts† people’s future. Are you going to have luck in the coming week? It has just over 274,000 fans right now and is growing! Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNasee m. com (My Blog) This Facebook Application finds your next â€Å"true love†. It has just over 64,000 active members as of now. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Flixster is the most popular Facebook application with just over 14 million users it lets people discuss and talk about movies and take quizzes. So how do you Build a Facebook Application? Well it is pretty simple and this is how you do it.The first thing you will need to so is Register the Facebook Application so just go to this link here. http://www. facebook. com/developer and then click â€Å"ALLOW Access† Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Now this is basically an Application by Facebook which allows you to build any Application. So once you are on the page the first thing you will need to do is click â€Å"setup new application†. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Next you should see a screen that looks something like th is. Now what you need to do here is name your Facebook Application, and agree to their terms and conditions.Be careful in what name you pick as sometimes Facebook might own the trademark to the name of a certain application. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Next you should see a screen containing important information about your new Facebook Application. On the Left hand side of the screen you should see a â€Å"Canvas†. Click on that and then simply choose your Canvas Page URL (This is the URL where Facebook users access your Application. So basically enter anything you want here – it is a bit similar to registering a domain name! ). Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog)You should also see a section called â€Å"Canvas Callback URL† is the main remote URL where Facebook displays your Application from. You will automatically get a CALLBACK URL after you have set up your Application so make sure you keep this win dow open. Whilst keeping that window open – Open another window by going here. http://apps. facebook. com/appstudio/wizards. php Log in and click â€Å"Allow†. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Next you should see a screen which basically lists the different types of Application you can create.In the case of this example let’s create a â€Å"Quiz Application†. As you can see you are presented with an option to name your â€Å"Quiz Application†. Pick an appropriate name then click â€Å"Complete Step 1†. Once you have done that it is time to configure your Application. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Next simply enter the relevant information. Now remember the window you had opened? Simply paste your Facebook â€Å"Secret† and â€Å"Canvas Page URL† to configure your application. Then click â€Å"Save your Quiz A pp Settings†. Once you have entered all your information you should see a screen that looks like this (see below)Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Now as you can see you receive your â€Å"Call back URL† (Highlighted above) For example, for my application my callback URL is http://www. socialappstudio. com/appstudio/apps/babyquiz/ Now you need to go back to your first window and paste this callback URL Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Then click â€Å"Save Changes†. If you did everything right you should paste your call back Application URL to your browser and see a screen that looks something like this (see below). Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog)Next click â€Å"Allow† and now you are ready to run your Application. Then simply log in as admin and click â€Å"Continue† Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) The type of Application you do is enti rely up to you – you can add images, banners, text and customise it. Using CPA for your Applications Now you can also make money from your Applications by using CPA by using the Affiliate Application Wizard. This can work well for low involvement CPA offers or can use Dating Offers (which tend to convert really well). Dating Applications are very popular on Facebook right now and offers that require just a simple email address.The more members you have and the more money you will make the better the chances of you flipping your entire application on places like FLIPPA and other marketplaces such as the Warrior Forum Marketplace. How to use Facebook and make something go â€Å"viral† If you have a crazy idea or a wacky moment why not do something â€Å"viral†? For example, you might want to set up a fanpage or a group and actually pay people to join – YEP! You can pay as little as $0. 01 for each member who joins your group or you can pay people who help g et you new members. Facebook is excellent when it comes to something that might go â€Å"viral† and spread.Facebook has millions and millions of users on a daily basis and the traffic from it can really help for your cause. For example, you might want to even make money by setting up a capture page for people and build a list in the process. For example, we all know that the female market is huge – especially when it comes to make up. Why not set up a capture page with the following words. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Find out how to Receive FREE Mac Make UP Enter Your Name and Email Address To receive a special secret link Imran Naseem – http://www.ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) This is an example of a landing page you can direct Facebook (female users to) and they will need to simply enter their name and email address. Once you have a list of say 300-400 girls then simply forward a CPA offer to them or a Clickbank link ? The possibi lities are endless! I hope you enjoyed reading this guide on how to make money from Facebook and its tools ? Why not leave me a testimonial if you liked this report? Simply email me at Naseem. [email  protected] com My blog is Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com Imran Naseem Sdlc Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Facebook Cash Manuscript Imran Naseem How To Use The Power Of Facebook To Make Money Imran Naseem http://www. ImranNaseem. com Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) All rights reserved This report is for personal use only. Imran Naseem Copyright 2009 Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Welcome to my latest WSO on how to cash in from the world’s number one social networking site – Facebook. Now I am sure you have all heard of Facebook – it is in fact the world’s third most popular social networking site.When people are too busy talking about Twitter it seems people have actually neglected Facebook. In fact Facebook is so powerful I am going to show you how I have been making money from Facebook and how you can replicate my exact business model and use my strategies. These strategies will help you understand Facebook more and will make sure aware of t he different methods you can use to make lots of money from Facebook. If you have not registered on Facebook already then you are seriously missing out on a lot of cash and a lot of potential customers for your business.Before I get into the meat of this report let me warn you that the methods in this report have been tried and tested and they can work for almost any niche. Also if you have any questions on anything then please do not hesitate to contact me at Naseem. [email  protected] com With all my reports this is going to be a no fluff report on how to make money from Facebook. I will not bore you with a full history of Facebook – if you want a history lesson then you can go ahead and research on Wikipedia on the history of Facebook. This report will mainly cover the following. ? How to use Facebook to make money for CPA ?How to use Facebook Applications to make money ? How to use Facebook and make something go â€Å"viral† I hope you enjoy reading this report a nd you replicate my strategies for Facebook. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Making Money From Facebook I was a sucker when it came to Facebook. In fact I was always sceptical of Facebook but in recent months I have been using Facebook and it has had given me excellent results and made me money. Now I am going to go straight into this. The first thing you will need to do is head over to Facebook and make a new account.Now once you have registered Facebook basically gives you lots of different options to edit your profile. For the best results I always make sure I add my picture to my profile as it gives that bit of extra edge and when it comes to adding people it makes life much easier. Once you have created your Facebook account I would then focus on adding your â€Å"friends†. Now I have two Facebook accounts – one for business (where I have all my friends from the Warrior Forum and the Internet Marketing community) and one for â€Å"my social friends†.For the best results I always have greater success from my second Facebook account which has all my â€Å"social friends† – people who I meet on a regular basis and people I have either studied with at school or worked with in the past. However, if you only have one main Facebook account then that is not a problem! Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Now the first thing I want to focus on is FACEBOOK GROUPS. Now Facebook Groups are very popular right now because these groups allow like minded individuals to talk about almost anything. So that means you can set up a group today on virtually any topic in the world.The beauty of Facebook Groups is that people can cater towards a certain niche and get together as a community to talk about a certain cause. For example, there have been lots of groups in recent years on the War In Iraq and groups that that relate to something that is happening in the news. For example, the recent Earthquake in Indonesia or the death of Michael Jackson has had an effect on people – I call these type of Facebook groups â€Å"Emotional based groups† because these groups have people who have been effected by the tragic events in the world. There are also groups that call for a â€Å"ban on† something.For example, there have been lots of groups on Facebook that call for â€Å"ban on guns and knives†. I call these type of groups â€Å"Pressure Groups† because these people want something to be done and want to see or would like to see a change in the law. And then there are groups which people set up for â€Å"fun†. For example, there are groups with topics such as â€Å"how fast can you type† or the first to comment gets to win a FREE Iphone. People join these types of groups for fun because they are either bored or at work or may just join because they are curious about something.I call these type of groups â€Å"Fun Groups†. Now for the purposes of this report I will focus on setting up FUN Groups and how to get as many people as possible to join these groups. Now Facebook groups are very popular. Here are just some of the different groups catering different niches. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Here are some Tatoo Groups Here are some groups on Make up Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Here are some groups on BreakdancingThere are so many different niches and topics that people are passionate about. Now I would focus on the niches people are not only passionate about but you will able to get so many people joining in a short space of time. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Now in order to create a Facebook group it is pretty straight forward. Simply head over to http://www. facebook. com/groups. php Next click the â€Å"create group† link. Imran Nas eem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) The next thing you need to do is simply create your group.Now Facebook allows you to enter your Group name so people can find you and also description (now in this box you can enter your URL for any website or affiliate link if you have one). Once you have entered your entire information click â€Å"create group†. Now when it comes to creating your group there are lots of different categories. Because I tend to focus on the â€Å"just for fun† category I usually select this one. However, if your group is going to be on something else for example, a specific niche such as â€Å"weight loss† then I would select the â€Å"specific interest† category. Imran Naseem – http://www.ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Once you have created your group and are happy with it the next thing to do is publish it live. So for example, here is an example group I have set up right now for the purposes of this report. As you can see I have picked an eye catching title – E. g. 1 million girls who love make up. Now as you know the make up niche is huge – 90% of girls love putting make up on and this is why it is easier to target a certain niche. The female market is huge! Now once you have created your group you can edit it, add your URL and start â€Å"inviting people to join†. Now this is important.The more people you have on your Facebook the more chances your group will grow more. For example, let’s say you have over 200 people on your Facebook then the chances are these people will tell their friends about the group and their friends will tell other people until there is a â€Å"viral effect†. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Once you have lots of people who are coming onto your group then I would find an affiliate offer related to your group. For example, there are lots of $1. 00 submit offers related to the beauty niche. These can add u p easily for just the submission of an email address.In order to get more people visiting your group I usually add the following text. (You can use this one for your groups too and replace the relevant words). 1 Join this group. 2 Click on â€Å"Invite People to Join† from the menu on the right. 3 Select all your friends (for this to work, you need to do this). 4 Click on â€Å"Send invitation† It's that simple. THEN PLEASE PRESS THE â€Å"SHARE BUTTON ON THE RIGHT HERE, AND POST THIS GROUP TO YOUR PROFILE. LETS TRY AND GET A MILLION†¦. Also please become a fan of our fanpage at [[URL LINK]] †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. (0 0) . —oOO– (_)—–. ================= ¬  ¦ INVITE ALL YOUR FRIENDS  ¦ L=================- ‘—————oOO †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. |__|__| †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. || || †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. ooO Ooo Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Now groups are an excellent way to buil d a lot of members but my personal favourite way of making money is to create fan pages. Fanpages on Facebook are very popular and anyone can set up a fanpage on almost anything! There are Fanpages on almost anything – celebrities, businesses, people just about anything people have a passion for. I recommend you set up Fanpages over Groups because Fanpages tend to get a lot of people in a short space of time.In fact Fanpages are so popular this article here shows just how popular Fanpages have become with online retailers. There are lots of Fanpages on almost anything. For example, take a look at these following Fanpages for the following niches. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Here are Fanpages on Tattoos. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Here are Fanpages on Breakdancing (As you can see there are just over 13 fanpages – which means if you created a fanpage on breakdancing you can easily beat the competition! ) Imran Naseem – http://www.ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Now in order to create a Fanpage it is pretty simple. Just go to this link at – http://www. facebook. com/pages/create. php Now the next thing you need to do is simply decide on the type of Fanpage you intend to create. I would pick something people are passionate about. The beauty of Facebook is that the traffic is already there. People would be willing to join your Fanpage if you can give them a good reason to join and they would be willing to spread the word for you. For example, giving 1 cent to every person who joins your Fanpage could be one idea.So for example, if 1000 people joined your fanpage then that is a total of $10. 00. Also avoid imitating celebrities as you have to be careful on the type of Fanpage you create. Therefore, for the purpose of this report I would focus on:? Niches people are passionate about – e. g. tattoos and piercing ? Fanpages which are â€Å"fun† – For example, â€Å"how fast can you type†? or 1 million tattoo lovers. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Now once you are ready to create your Facebook fanpage you need to decide on the category. For example, Area, Brand or Artist or â€Å"Other†.I usually head over to the â€Å"Other† category if I cannot find a relevant one to put my fan page under. So above as you can see I have done an example already for you. â€Å"1 Million People who want to be rich†. Now I usually sometimes pick â€Å"fun type† of topics. It is entirely up to you which type of topic you Fanpage you wish to create. For example, after Michael Jackson died in June I created a Fanpage dedicated to the â€Å"King Of Pop† and to this date it has over 360 members. Once you have entered your information simply click the â€Å"create page† link. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog)Now you will be presented with a screen where you b asically have to edit information and images. Make sure you use an image which does not break any copyright laws. However, I have been using images from Google and have not had any problems but I would recommend you use a royalty free image. Here is a cool site for all the royalty free images. http://www. publicdomainpictures. net/ Once you have added your image and added any relevant information to your Fanpage such as URL domain name then simply â€Å"publish your page† so it can go â€Å"LIVE†. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog)As you can see Facebook Fanpages allow you to add pictures, discussions and other things like your own URL. I am sure you have noticed the â€Å"Become a fan† icons on Facebook. These are very popular and â€Å"hot† right now because people love joining Fanpages. Once you have edited your Fanpage and added all the relevant information then simply start directing traffic to it and start getting lots of p eople to join. The first way to do this is click â€Å"Suggest to friends† link on your Fanpage. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Next you simply start sending â€Å"Inviting† people to join your Fanpage.Once people join your Fanpage your Fanpage link appears on their profile page. For example, if I joined a Fanpage then it will say something like â€Å"Imran Naseem became a fan of [[Group name]]† Now the more people you have on your Facebook then the more people who are most likely to join your Fanpage. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Here are some popular Fanpages that have thousands and thousands of active members (This Fanpage is getting members every 5 seconds! ). http://www. facebook. com/pages/Sleeping-with-one-leg-out-of-thecovers/92775959070? ref=ts http://www. facebook. com/pages/Snuggling/85789376823? ef=search&sid=58 8786853. 1957378242.. 1 http://www. facebook. com/pages/Falling-asleep-whilecu ddling/81785496623? ref=search&sid=588786853. 1688146362.. 1 http://www. facebook. com/pages/asdorsiamediacom/Flipping-the-PillowOver-to-Get-to-the-Cold-Side/78247222425 The more members you have on your Facebook Fanpage the better the chances of you making more money. So how do you make money from Facebook Fanpages? Well there are lots of different ways you can monetize your Facebook Fanpages and make money. Remember people will join your Fanpage either they are passionate about something or just for â€Å"fun†.Sometime’s it is best to take advantage of their passion and monetise you’re Facebook Fanpage and make money. For example, people like to talk about things like â€Å"going for a long drive in the dark† – these are every simple â€Å"human† things and a Fanpage like this can help drive not only lots of members in a short space of time but it can also go â€Å"viral†. There are several ways you can make money from your Facebook Fanpage. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) The first way is to promote Clickbank Affiliate Products. For example, let’s ay your Fanpage is about different types of Tattoo designs and it is beginning to get lots and lots of members. The first thing you can do is head over to the Clickbank Marketplace and search for a â€Å"Tattoo related† affiliate product you can promote. As you can see there are lots and lots of different Tatoo related affiliate products that you can promote using your Facebook Fanpage. I usually select the product that has a high â€Å"gravity† and has a good high referral percentage. So for example, let’s say you have a Fanpage on the different types of Tattoo designs and you want to add a URL to your page.Now what you need to do is select the type of product you can promote. So in this case I am going to focus on the products that appear on the first page on the Clickbank marketplace for this niche. I usual ly select the one that has a â€Å"good looking† pitch page. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) So for example, let’s say you are going to select number 2. Here is more information about this affiliate product. We can see that this pays 75% commission for each person who signs up to this membership site. It also has a 91% referral rate and a high gravity.Now with Facebook users I prefer to use â€Å"Direct Linking† because it has the best effect and Facebook users generally take action if they are passionate about something. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Once you have selected the type of Affiliate product you wish to promote simply click â€Å"create hoplink† and then enter your Clickbank nickname. Next Clickbank encrypts your Clickbank affiliate link for the product. Now we are not going to post this â€Å"UGLY LOOKING† affiliate link anywhere on your Facebook Fanpage. However, we are going to mask this affiliate link. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. om (My Blog) The next thing I would do is head over to Godaddy or Namecheap and purchase a domain name. Now in order to keep your costs low I would buy a cheap . info domain name since we are going to be doing â€Å"direct linking† from your Facebook Fanpage to your Clickbank product. So in the case of this example since we are focusing on Tattoos I will purchase a Tattoo related domain name. For example, at the time of writing this report TattooDesignsWorld. info is available and costs just over a dollar to purchase. Now what we are going to do is simply link your domain name to your Clickbank vendor that you intend to promote.Now what we are going to do is use a technique of â€Å"masking† your domain name so anyone who goes to TattooDesignsWorld. info will be automatically forwarded to the vendor page and on the address bar the domain name will replace your affiliate link. Now with Godaddy this is pretty simple and easy to do. The first thing you will need to do is log in to your GoDaddy Account. Once you are logged in simply head over to your domain name that you have purchased until you come across a screen that looks like this. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Next click the â€Å"manage link†.Once you have done that you should see a screen that looks like this (see below). The next thing you need to do â€Å"mask† your domain name. Now as you can see you are presented with several options. At the top you simply paste your Clickbank affiliate link at the top and then head over to â€Å"Forward with masking† and click Ok. Eventually after 10-15 minutes your domain name will be â€Å"masked† with your Affiliate link. So basically anyone who goes to yourdomain. com will be forwarded to your Clickbank vendor page. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog)Now Facebook Fanpages can make you a lot of money in the long-term because just â€Å"One status change† on Facebook can result in money. Facebook users are generally the type who like â€Å"funny, new and wacky† stuff and if they are passionate about something then they will make sure they do something about it. If you need any ideas on the types of Facebook pages to set up then feel free to use sites like Yahoo Answers to see what types of questions people are asking in regards to everyday issues or hobbies etc. I usually create Fanpages on topics/niches that people will constantly talk about.Here are some really cool â€Å"fun Fanpages† ones you can try. I hate people who smoke! I hate people who smoke whilst eating! I hate Sundays! I hate people who stare at you whilst eating! I love sleeping on a cold day! I love eating ice cream on a hot summers day! And here are â€Å"niche Fanpages† you can create and start profiting from 1 Million girls who want to live in a big house when they are marr ied 1 Million fans who love Tattoo Designs 1 Million people who love singing 1 Million people who love to dance 1 million people who love to eat Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. om (My Blog) Now on your Fanpages make sure you regularly update your status and make sure you direct people to your Affiliate Link. For example, if your Fanpage is on Tattoos then send people to your Tattoo Page by having text which includes something like this. For example, grab a Free Tatoo Lovers Profile [[URL LINK]]. Here is an example of a page that is already doing this. http://www. facebook. com/hotchickswithtattoos? ref=search&sid=588786853. 3322830222.. 1 This Fanpage is using this Affiliate Program to direct traffic to using the power of Facebook Fanpages.One of my Facebook Fanpages is making me anywhere from $400-$500 a month on complete Autopilot. The more people that join your fanpage the most likely it will spread and go â€Å"viral†. People will tell other people to join your Fanpage and so on.. The more people that are on your Fanpage then you can message these people on a daily basis. Facebook has a limit on the number of messages you can send to your members but you can send messages to over 1000 people per day. This is the true power of Facebook â€Å"viral marketing† at its best. You can also comment on peoples â€Å"status† and ask people to spread the word about your Fanpage.Potentially hundreds and hundreds of people will see your Facebook fanpage. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Using Fanpages to make money with CPA Affiliate Marketing Now this is one of my favourite strategies of making money on complete Autopilot and it involves making Fanpages and using Low Involvement CPA offers that require just an email address. These type of CPA offers pay anywhere from $1-$2. 00 and these can add up easily. These work best if you have a group for a specific category. For example, you can have a fanpage on à ¢â‚¬Å"the fastest person who enters their email address gets a chance to win a FREE laptop†.These types of Fanpages are another example of â€Å"fun† type of Fanpages. Here are some examples of low involvement CPA offers that pay anywhere form $1. 00-$2. 00 for a simple email address. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Setting up fanpages for Low involvment offers can all add up. For example, lets say you set up 10 different Facebook fan pages each bringnig you constant stream of visitors to your Fanpage. Now if these pages involved people entering their email address and taking action then you can easily make up to $50-$100 a day from these fanpages.It really is that simple! Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) How to spot your competiton for Fanpages! Now with Fanpages you might want to set up a certain fanpage but sometimes there can be occasions where someo ne already has set up a Fanpage on something. This can be quite annoying sometimes. Here is a pretty easy way to look for other competing Fanpages. For example, let’s say you wanted to create a Facebook Fanpage titled â€Å"driving in the rain† Now the first thing to do is enter the phrase â€Å"driving in the rain† in the search bar.As you can see on the left hand side you can see just how many different types of â€Å"pages and groups and applications† there are for this phrase or particular topic†. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Since we are focusing on just Fanpages you can see there is already an existing Fanpage which has just over 800 fans. Now this is good news since we can easily beat this competition since it has not many members. So what you can do is set up a competing fanpage titled â€Å"People who love driving in the rain†. If there are several competing Fanpages for the same niche I would avoid co mpeting and move on to an alternative niche.It is up to you on the type of Fanpage you want to create – either you want to create one for â€Å"fun† with a view to get as many members as possible so you can then later on direct people to a CPA offer or you can create a page with the intention of getting people to fill in your CPA Offers (be careful though as some CPA Networks do not allow incentives traffic so make sure you promote the ones that do). However, I have been promoting 99% of CPA low involvement offers without any problems. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog)Flipping Facebook Fanpages Once your Facebook fanpage has gone â€Å"viral† and it is making you money why not flip it on FLIPPA? There are so many potential buyers out there who would love to purchase Fanpages. If it makes them money then they will easily pay up to $1000-$2000 depending on the number of people you have on your Fanpage. However, I would first make sure yo ur Facebook Fanpage has lots of members, is making you money on Autopilot and also is active. If you have lots of members on your Facebook then you have a much better chance of growing your Fanpage easily.In the next section I am going to talk about how you can make money from Facebook Applications. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Making Money from Facebook Applications Now this is one of the most lucrative areas of Facebook and one that can bring in big profits if done properly. Have you ever noticed those Facebook Applications that people are constantly using? For example, most of these are quizzes and games that people like to try because not only are they curious but they seem interesting. Here are some popular Facebook Applications right now.This Application â€Å"predicts† people’s future. Are you going to have luck in the coming week? It has just over 274,000 fans right now and is growing! Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNasee m. com (My Blog) This Facebook Application finds your next â€Å"true love†. It has just over 64,000 active members as of now. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Flixster is the most popular Facebook application with just over 14 million users it lets people discuss and talk about movies and take quizzes. So how do you Build a Facebook Application? Well it is pretty simple and this is how you do it.The first thing you will need to so is Register the Facebook Application so just go to this link here. http://www. facebook. com/developer and then click â€Å"ALLOW Access† Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Now this is basically an Application by Facebook which allows you to build any Application. So once you are on the page the first thing you will need to do is click â€Å"setup new application†. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Next you should see a screen that looks something like th is. Now what you need to do here is name your Facebook Application, and agree to their terms and conditions.Be careful in what name you pick as sometimes Facebook might own the trademark to the name of a certain application. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Next you should see a screen containing important information about your new Facebook Application. On the Left hand side of the screen you should see a â€Å"Canvas†. Click on that and then simply choose your Canvas Page URL (This is the URL where Facebook users access your Application. So basically enter anything you want here – it is a bit similar to registering a domain name! ). Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog)You should also see a section called â€Å"Canvas Callback URL† is the main remote URL where Facebook displays your Application from. You will automatically get a CALLBACK URL after you have set up your Application so make sure you keep this win dow open. Whilst keeping that window open – Open another window by going here. http://apps. facebook. com/appstudio/wizards. php Log in and click â€Å"Allow†. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Next you should see a screen which basically lists the different types of Application you can create.In the case of this example let’s create a â€Å"Quiz Application†. As you can see you are presented with an option to name your â€Å"Quiz Application†. Pick an appropriate name then click â€Å"Complete Step 1†. Once you have done that it is time to configure your Application. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Next simply enter the relevant information. Now remember the window you had opened? Simply paste your Facebook â€Å"Secret† and â€Å"Canvas Page URL† to configure your application. Then click â€Å"Save your Quiz A pp Settings†. Once you have entered all your information you should see a screen that looks like this (see below)Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Now as you can see you receive your â€Å"Call back URL† (Highlighted above) For example, for my application my callback URL is http://www. socialappstudio. com/appstudio/apps/babyquiz/ Now you need to go back to your first window and paste this callback URL Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Then click â€Å"Save Changes†. If you did everything right you should paste your call back Application URL to your browser and see a screen that looks something like this (see below). Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog)Next click â€Å"Allow† and now you are ready to run your Application. Then simply log in as admin and click â€Å"Continue† Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) The type of Application you do is enti rely up to you – you can add images, banners, text and customise it. Using CPA for your Applications Now you can also make money from your Applications by using CPA by using the Affiliate Application Wizard. This can work well for low involvement CPA offers or can use Dating Offers (which tend to convert really well). Dating Applications are very popular on Facebook right now and offers that require just a simple email address.The more members you have and the more money you will make the better the chances of you flipping your entire application on places like FLIPPA and other marketplaces such as the Warrior Forum Marketplace. How to use Facebook and make something go â€Å"viral† If you have a crazy idea or a wacky moment why not do something â€Å"viral†? For example, you might want to set up a fanpage or a group and actually pay people to join – YEP! You can pay as little as $0. 01 for each member who joins your group or you can pay people who help g et you new members. Facebook is excellent when it comes to something that might go â€Å"viral† and spread.Facebook has millions and millions of users on a daily basis and the traffic from it can really help for your cause. For example, you might want to even make money by setting up a capture page for people and build a list in the process. For example, we all know that the female market is huge – especially when it comes to make up. Why not set up a capture page with the following words. Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) Find out how to Receive FREE Mac Make UP Enter Your Name and Email Address To receive a special secret link Imran Naseem – http://www.ImranNaseem. com (My Blog) This is an example of a landing page you can direct Facebook (female users to) and they will need to simply enter their name and email address. Once you have a list of say 300-400 girls then simply forward a CPA offer to them or a Clickbank link ? The possibi lities are endless! I hope you enjoyed reading this guide on how to make money from Facebook and its tools ? Why not leave me a testimonial if you liked this report? Simply email me at Naseem. [email  protected] com My blog is Imran Naseem – http://www. ImranNaseem. com Imran Naseem