The Story Of The Soldiers - The Things They Carried - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1604 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/04/11 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: The Things They Carried Essay Did you like this example? In the novel The Things They Carried, Tim O’Brien tells the story of a group of soldiers in the Vietnam war who, as a band of brothers, went through so much together. This story details the struggles and internal battles that these men had to deal with during their time in Vietnam and even after the war was done. Many of these men were drafted into the war and not many of them wanted to be there. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Story Of The Soldiers The Things They Carried" essay for you Create order These were kids who were not ready for war as they were just beginning their time as adults. When they were put into a situation such as the Vietnam war, one could only expect for them to come out different than they were before. These men not only had to carry weight of their supplies, but also the emotional weight that they had to carry with the turmoil they experienced as soldiers. Through this thought, O’Brien throughout the novel uses many different strategies to display what these men were carrying and how it affected them deeply through their time in the war and their time after the war. In the first Chapter of this novel, â€Å"The Things They Carried†, O’Brien right away begins to describe the things they carried. Throughout the whole chapter he addresses what these soldiers carry and how it affects them. However, he speaks most about the things that are the physical and tangible items. But as the book and chapter go on, the focus begins to mainly start to change and he looks closer at the intangible things that these soldiers are holding on to. Whether the emotion is fear, sadness, guilt, responsibility, these soldiers are experiencing it. The first out example of this in the book is through what Jimmy Cross carried. A photograph of a girl he loved named Martha (1). This photo is his reminder of his life back home and also his hopes of being back with the girl that he loved. Martha and the letters, photos, and pebble she sent are on his mind all of the time. He was always thinking about anything that had to do with her. He was carrying the dream that she loved and thought about him just as much as he did her. However, this constant thought and emotional weight that he carried with the constant thought of Martha distracted him much of the time. At one time when he was thinking about Martha, one of his men, Ted Lavender, was shot and killed. After this event, Cross felt very guilty for the death of Lavender. â€Å"He tried not to cry. With his enriching tool, which weighed 5 pounds, he began digging a hole in the earth. He felt shame. He hated himself. He loved Martha more than his men, and as a consequence Lavender was now dead, and this was something he would have to carry like a stone in his stomach for the rest of the war† (16). O’Brien in this sentence is drawing a parallel between the physical items such as the photos and the pebble or stone, and the emotional weight that it caused Jimmy Cross to carry for the rest of the war and even his life. Another example of O’Brien drawing a parallel with the physical and intangible things comes again with Jimmy Cross. As the Lieutenant, he has the most responsibility and he has to carry the maps of Vietnam with him (5). The responsibility to carry the maps bears physical weight, at the same time he is also carrying the emotional weight of the responsibil ity he has to look after his men. All of the emotional weight is overwhelming for how young these men are. Jimmy Cross is a 24 year old and is carrying all this responsibility he doesn’t even want, shown bluntly after Kiowa was killed, â€Å"Jimmy Cross did not want the responsibility of leading these men† (160). When O’Brien draws these connections between the physical things that were carried and how it relates to the emotions they carry, it allows for the reader to really experience and understand the burden these men have to bear. The idea of these things that these soldiers are carrying changes throughout the book. After the first chapter talks about the physical things, O’Brien intends for the reader to look more into the emotions that these men carry through their experiences. There are a few examples that stand out as they show exactly what war can do to a person mentally. The first example is through the story of Norman Bowker. Bowker is a soldier who in his time in Vietnam went through a lot. However, the event that stuck with him the most was when Kiowa died and Bowker tried to save him but couldn’t. This experience and the rest of his time in the war changed Bowker as person. When he got back from the war he couldn’t help but carry feeling of sadness, guilt, and shame. All these feelings along with the thought that he had no purpose left to serve after being in the war led to an inability for him to connect to his life as it was before. With all these feeling that he carried back f rom Vietnam, he feels lost in his thought and lives without a purpose. This is shown when he drives around the lake in circles over and over again (131). It seems that he can not forget about his experiences during the war but also is not able to talk about it leading to Bowker being trapped in his thoughts. In the end, he can not deal with all these feelings he has carried back from his time in Vietnam and meets an unfortunate demise when he commits suicide (149). War affects people in many different ways. Another person it changed was the character O’Brien. He is another character in this story that went through a lot. He had to kill a man while in Vietnam and when he did, he was consumed by guilt and regret. When talking about this experience in the book, he does not ever use a first person point of view as he is trying to distance himself from the experience. O’Brien looks at the man whose life he just took for a long period of time. In this time he thinks about this soldier’s story, of how he got to this point and what his plan s were for the rest of his life (118-124). It is easy to see that killing this man affected O’Brien greatly and after the war this leaves an impact on him. The war in general never left his mind and events caused it. O’Brien carries the guilt from taking away this man’s life and especially taking his future from him leaving an imprint emotionally on his mind. Tim O’Brien develops the idea of these soldiers carrying emotional baggage through their journey constantly throughout the whole book in every story told. He accomplishes this by using many literary devices. This is first introduced in the chapter â€Å"The Things They Carried†. He talks about these physical things that these men are carrying and uses repetition to not only make the reader notice the theme but to begin his idea of what the soldiers are carrying allowing him to utilize it throughout the rest of the book (1-25). O’Brien also uses point of view to emphasize what the soldiers are carrying. In the chapter â€Å"Speaking of Courage†, the third person point of view that looks into Norman Bowker’s thoughts allows the reader to see exactly what he has carried home from the war. With how O’Brien writes knowing Bowker’s thoughts allows a deeper understanding of the helplessness and feeling of being lost that he experiences. In th is way, O’Brien is able to convey what Bowker is carrying emotionally most effectively. In the chapter â€Å"Field Trip†, O’Brien goes back to Vietnam to show his daughter a place that took up a large part of his life. When he uses first person point of view, he is able to relay his thoughts and emotions after returning to a place where he faced so much adversity and dealt with many hardships. When O’Brien returns to the spot of Kiowa’s death to pay his respects, he thinks about his greatly about his time of service and the part of his life spent in Vietnam. With how this is written in this point of view, the reader is able to see how greatly he carries the thought of his time in Vietnam and the memory of the men he served with every day. By being in his mind through this chapter, the audience can really grasp how deeply the war has affected him. In The Things They Carried, Tim O’Brien writes about the Vietnam war and the stories of the soldiers who were a part of it. However, O’Brien takes the narrative deeper using the theme of each soldier carrying something. The war affects every soldier whether it is physically or mentally, it leaves none untouched. O’Brien provides the reader with many examples throughout the story of how it can leave a mark on their mind, leaving the emotions of guilt, sadness, regret, or fear. He uses many different tactics to support this theme making it stick with the reader. The soldiers have to carry many supplies for themselves in battle that all have physical weight, but O’Brien is able to convey that sometimes the intangible things carry even more weight.

Ethical Legal Dilemma Advanced Practice Nursing Case Study II

Ethical Legal Dilemma Advanced Practice Nursing Case Study II Norman Ginn Kaplan Ethical and Legal Perspectives MN 506 Tracy Towne Ethical Legal Dilemma Advanced Practice Nursing Case Study II Health insurance policies have set limits on what services will be paid for with a terminally ill person in the home and these limitations may conflict with the nurse’s obligation to provide care for the terminally ill patient (Fry, Veatch Taylor, 2011). Speaking with the family of a 59 year old male with his only history being terminal lung cancer that has metastasized to the brain, they express concern that they are beginning to have increase difficulty managing this condition. The patient is receiving hospice currently in the home,†¦show more content†¦The Affordable Care Act bans insurance companies from placing lifetime dollar limits on health benefits, which will prevent individuals suffering from chronic diseases from having to worry about going without treatment because of their lifetime limits and it restricts the use of annual limits and bans them completely in 2014 (U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, n.d.). The ethical principle that will be violated here is the respect for person and the concept of deontology. Deontology means that some behaviors are our duty, whether there is benefit or not (Fry, Veatch Taylor, 2011). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2012), says that deontology is within the moral theories that guide and assess our choices of what we ought to do and what type of person we should be. Again, proper education to the family, prior to discharge of this patient and by the nurses within the hospice agency could have avoided this occurring. Respect for person involves autonomy, but not all individuals are able to acting autonomously. This requires the ability to set goals and make choices, and this may be compromised at times in a person’s life. Defined by the Belmont Report, respect for persons requires that these vulnerable individuals be offered special protections during periods when they cannot act autonomously.Show MoreRelatedEthics And Moral Standards Of An Individual1256 Words   |  6 Pages Ethical Considerations in Advanced Practice Kristin Curcione Daemen College â€Æ' Ethics scrutinizes actions and moral standards of an individual. Many times, the answer is unclear or has no specific course of action when one is confronted with an ethical dilemma. An ethical decision may guideline directed but may impinge on another or the action may be permissible but unethical. Ethical dilemmas arise in almost every profession, and in the medical field, there is integration of both ethical principleRead MoreEthical Dilemmas for Nurses on End of Life Issues5633 Words   |  23 PagesETHICAL DILEMMAS FACING NURSES ON END-OF-LIFE ISSUES BASED ON CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS HELD IN ELDORET, KENYA Author: Kamau S. Macharia: BScN (Moi), MSc (studying) Nursing Leadership Health Care Systems Management (University of Colorado, Denver), Higher Dip. Critical Care Nursing (Nbi). Graduate Assistant, School of Nursing Biomedical Sciences, Kabianga University College (A Constituent College of Moi University), . P 0 Box 2030 20200 Kericho, Kenya Read Moreethical decision making16006 Words   |  65 Pagesreactions to the three ethical dilemmas? What other information would be helpful to know about these situations to make a decision? CHAPTER FOCUS Virtue or Character Ethics Principle-Based Ethics: Developing Moral Rules Utilitarian Theories: Doing the Most Good for the Most People Deontological Theories: Balancing Rights and Obligations Justice in Health Care Values and Health Policy Ethics of Care Ethical Problems Faced by Community Nurses: The Research Ethical Decision Making ServiceRead MoreHealth Care Policy10795 Words   |  44 Pagespolicy solutions. (Reinhardt, 2003). One strategy for extending coverage is through expansion of public coverage through Medicaid and SCHIP. In 2000, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) formed an expert Committee on the Consequences of Uninsurance to study the issue comprehensively, examining the effects of the lack of health coverage on individuals, families, communities and the broader society. (IOM, 2004). According to the IOM (2004), if everyone had coverage people would be financially able toRead MoreMethods of Qualitative of Data Collection19658 Words   |  79 Pagesthem. This chapter provides a brief discussion of the primary and the secondary methods to be considered in designing a qualitative study. This discussion does not replace the many excellent, detailed references on data collection (we refer to several at the end of this chapter). Its purpose is to guide the proposal writer in stipulating the methods of choice for his study and in describing for the reader how the data will inform his research questions. How the researcher plans to use these methods,Read MoreHistory Of Present Illness : 34 Year Old Woman With A History Of Wolff Parkinson White Syndrome3858 Words   |  16 PagesSkin/ Extremities: Brisk capillary refill 3 seconds, normal texture and turgor. No rashes or lesions noted. Airway: No dentures, caps crowns or chipped teeth. Mallampati: 1, Thyromental distance: 3 FB, Upper lip bite test: class 2. A prospective study conducted among 200 patients divided into three groups based on body mass index (BMI) found that there was a close relationship with increased BMI and increased risk associated with anesthesia. Changes in the upper respiratory tract and the constructionRead MoreA Needs Assessment Survey in a Gastroenterology Endoscopy Community of Practice12128 Words   |  49 PagesENDOSCOPY COMMUNITY OF PRACTICE A Clinical Capstone Proposal Presented to the Faculty of the School of Health Sciences La Salle University In Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Nursing Practice By Jordan Hopchik Doctor of Nursing Practice Program COPYRIGHT BY JORDAN HOPCHIK 2014 Title of Clinical Capstone Proposal: A NEEDS ASSESSMENT SURVEY FOR A GASTROENTEROLOGY ENDOSCOPY COMMUNITY OF PRACTICE Author: Read MoreRobotic Surgery Essay example14445 Words   |  58 PagesDisadvantages of Robotic Surgery – page 11, 12 Political Influences – page 13 - 16 Legal Influences – page 16 – 20 Economic Questions/ Considerations – page 20 - 27 Psychological Considerations (T. Blake) – page 28 Sociological Considerations (T. Blake) – page 29- 33 Cultural Context – page 33 Media Influence – page 34 - 37 Implications for the Environment ) – page 37 - 42 Moral Implications – page Ethical Implications – page 44- 46 Conclusion – page 47 References – page 48 - 52 Read MoreStrategic Human Resource Management72324 Words   |  290 PagesBusiness Management Study Manuals Advanced Diploma in Business Management STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT The Association of Business Executives 5th Floor, CI Tower ï‚ · St Georges Square ï‚ · High Street ï‚ · New Malden Surrey KT3 4TE ï‚ · United Kingdom Tel: + 44(0)20 8329 2930 ï‚ · Fax: + 44(0)20 8329 2945 E-mail: info@abeuk.com ï‚ · www.abeuk.com  © Copyright, 2008 The Association of Business Executives (ABE) and RRC Business Training All rights reserved No part of this publication may beRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 PagesLuthans, Jonathan Doh. 6th ed. 2006. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-07-811257-7 ISBN-10: 0-07-811257-5 1. International business enterprises—Management. 2. International business enterprises—Management—Case studies. I. Doh, Jonathan P. II. Hodgetts, Richard M. International management. III. Title. HD62.4.H63 2012 658 .049—dc22 2011002070 www.mhhe.com Dedicated in Memory of Richard M. Hodgetts A Pioneer in International Management Education iii This

Reflective Draft Free Essays

Through the activities was undertaken in class about negotiation, I realized that different negotiation tactics have crucial impact on negotiation in the workplace. In the activities, I was assigned to play the role of manager (Dale Williams). I need to persuade two of my subordinates to wear safety glasses. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflective Draft or any similar topic only for you Order Now I use pressure to told Taylor she should allow the principle of company, if she doesn’t wear safety galsses, she will be fired. I give her pressure. she wants keep her job, finally, we were got a deal. And she is unhappy. In the second turn, I changed my way of talking to Chris Johnson. First I show my care of her, I asked her do u have problems of your eyes. Then I tell her experience of J. B. Harris. J. B. Harris was suffered a serious accident in another division. And she missed six weeks of work after an eye injury. If don’t wear safety glasses when work, it is easy to have risk to hurt eyes. Finally , we got a deal, and she is happy this time.. contrast these same situation but different experience and different tactics I used. I realized that the first time I used of fear to evoke a desired response from Taylor. It is nor effective. when I want to negotiation and get a deal. the better way and easy way is show my sympathy and worry first . it is easy let people can accept. KNOW:::From the aactivity, I know effective and good communication is an essentially significant source of negotiation power. A good communicator can manager a group or an organization easily. At the same time, it also can improve the pproduactivity of work.. on occasion, good communication is not easy. It needs people who . In fact, from this role play, I also know listening is very important. For example, Obama is good at motivation , when listen his speech, I always full of energy. And willing to accepet what he present. I realize the barriers existed in the process of negotiation. In this process, my parten is from indonisia as Pat Taylor. but I come from Chian. When we communicate, we have language barri. She have been this comapy for 20 years, More than me. She is the informal leaders of the group of more experienced employeers. I wanna she can tell me more about her experience. But she The tutor teach us types of influence tactics. Power used well achieves effective communication and positive results. Negotiating power is the ability of the negotiator to influene the behavior of another. What actions do you plan to take based on what you learnt? did you discover that a particular influence tactic is more/less effective and therefore are you likely to use this tactic in future negotiations? What did you learn about your natural preferences for influencing tactics based on? the aactivity? you might have felt more comfortable using ‘rationality’ and less comfortable using one or more other tactics. How to cite Reflective Draft, Essays

Paths of Conventional and Alternative Tourism †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Paths of Conventional and Alternative Tourism. Answer: Introduction Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll is one of the secretarial districts of the Maldives that is developed by the Southwestern section of Huvadhu Atoll. There are total of 153 islands in Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll out of which 10 are inhabited (Zubair, Bowen Altinay, 2015). The study puts emphasis on accessing the local tourism development in Gaafu Dhaalu, Maldives because tourism is one of the most important sectors of the financial system and accounts for more than 30% of Gross Domestic Product and over 60% of foreign currency earnings. Furthermore, the current research study properly synchronizes the information about the area Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives and then come up with recommended solutions where it shows that there is future prospect of local tourism development in Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives. For more than 10 years, it is noted that tourism industry had become one of the most prevailing sector in present financial system that marks a new era in the monetary history of Maldives (Towner Milne, 2017). The issue with local tourism development in Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives is that the ecology of this district and the reefs are extremely delicate. In addition, the issue that can be seen is the destruction of reefs from coal as well as sand mining in the development of first generation resorts. In case of coastal vegetation, it is noted that it is removed and altered at the time of construction of tourist facilities in this district. There is major conflict present between fisheries as well as tourism and that leads to exploitation of resources that became one of the major environmental issue. The Tourism Ministry had imposed strict regulations as well as guidelines for resort construction and operations at the same (Telfer Sharpley, 2015). The literature review section explains the challenges of tourism development in the Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives and then the recommended solution at the same time. The section properly highlights the issues that govern towards tourism development. According to Shakeela Becken (2015), Maldives belongs to fragile island ecosystem and this is the reason it is extremely vulnerable to some of the environmental threats like declining quantity and quality of freshwater, water pollution, loss of natural vegetation, beach erosion as well as natural and man-made degradation of the coral reef system. Some of the geographical challenges include smallness of the islands, problem with connectivity like transportation facilities, size of the inner lagoon, natural coastline as well as present flow pattern of the coast and health of the island vegetation (Sharpley Telfer, 2014). There is several multi-use conflicts take place in Maldives when the reef areas are primarily between the two main areas users that include both fisheries and tourism. In order to solve the problem that take place because of conflict of interest, 15 dive sites have been affirmed as protected areas (Shakeela Weaver, 2016). With the implementation of Tourism Master Plan, it will be required to help inhabited islands near resorts for establishing a self-financing waste management scheme that include increased number of populated islands with a implementation sustainable waste management scheme, re-cycling, proper disposal as well as waste collection and awareness programs. It is needed to support government who should establish or develop a proper waste management system on Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives. It is needed to work with councils for establishing appropriate waste management services in preferred populated islands. As rightly put forward by Ponting (2014), The Environment Protection Agency had engaged in identifying a number of marine protected areas as well as responsive environments in and across Maldives and some are yet to be developed or planned by the near future. On analysis, it is noted that some of the marine and global biodiversity hotspots are critical for the environment as well as nature conservation. Furthermore, efforts need to be taken for managing these areas that have been disadvantaged because of lack of correct management plans as well as method for enforcing management plans in the most appropriate way. There are some the case that leads directly to site overuse as well as resource sharing conflicts between fisherman, tourism business and sand miners. Some of the development plans need to be implemented especially in places where tourism business is active (Perry Morgan, 2017). According to Naylor (2015), it is important to properly manage the marine protected areas as well as selected responsive environments for minimizing human impacts with management plans as developed after discussion with the government agencies that include most of the private industries and the public ones. It is needed to create a Tourism Planning Committee at nationwide level so that they will plan to listen to the grievances over natural resources use that involves tourism activities. Create marine managed areas in resort house reefs As opined by Mowforth Munt (2015), The Maldives had publicized a national level policy for making the country as biosphere reserve. Here, the house reefs need to be managed because of their importance to the tourism product as it is related to aesthetics, diving and snorkeling. In addition, the tourism business actually leads the way in environmental administration as well as conservation in the Maldives. Furthermore, the biosphere reserve theory mainly act as an opportunity for the business leaders for rule completion that will guide resorts for managing house reefs in an effective way. After implementation of the program, it will be easy to conserve as well as manage marine environment in and around resort islands. In this way, tourism sector help in driving the national biosphere reserve program in the near future. Some of the impacts that get affected by the behaviors of tourist are damage to coral reefs, increasing waste as well as energy consumption. In order to solve this, national level campaign had been conducted to assist the visitor behavior that aligns with the environmental standards as and when required. Furthermore, the strategy used help in assisting the reputation of Maldives as a premier eco-friendly objective for the tourists (Mohamed King, 2017). With the information gathered, it is noted that Maldives is treated as one of the susceptible countries where there is predicted global climate change as well as lasting continued existence for the tourist who visit the place. In case of medium-term, impact takes into account seas that may inundate low lying islands as well as sea surface temperatures that are combined by sea level rise as it affect the growth of corals and their natural adjustment abilities and increasing severe weather that directly affects the ideal climatic conditions in Maldives. Furthermore, the tourism sector had been treated as exposed place as the islands are small, geographically unbalanced as well as depends upon healthy coral reefs as it is located within 100 meters of the shoreline. Research Objectives To encourage local tourism development in Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives To identify the issues that hampers the tourism development in Maldives To recommend solutions to the issues identified and plan for development in the tourism sector in Maldives (Modica Uysal, 2016). How far local tourism can be developed in Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives? What are the issues or challenges with local tourism development in Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives? How can local tourism possible in Gaafu Dhaalu, Maldives and its importance for the same? Research Paradigms or philosophy are a system of thinking as well as basic orientation to theory and research (Lee, Hampton Jeyacheya, 2015). Furthermore, Epistemology is a concept of theory of information that refers to instances on what is treated as satisfactory information in the given research study. On the other hand, Ontology is one of the theory that explain whether the social world be deemed by anything that is external to social actors or something where the social actors built up activities from their own perceptions and actions of these actors. The three research paradigms are explained below with proper details and from that one will be selected by the researcher for this present research study on Local Tourism Development in Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives. Positivism can be treated as a empirical and quantitative approach where the hypothesis testing are used for discovering the relationships as well as information that are generalizing to the population that include rational empiricism, developmental, psychodynamic, covers law model and behaviorism (Jaleel, 2013). Realism is quite similar to positivism philosophy that actually commit to an external reality where the scientists should have their attention aimed at towards a common goal. Here, the researcher can share the belief where the natural and social sciences can make use of same methods for collecting data and it widely differs as it admits the notional terms and not directed to pragmatic clarification. Realism actually states the reality that need to be understood by use of natural science methods (Horner Swarbrooke, 2016). Interpretivism signifies a research approach used for the social sciences that have to respect the differences between the objects that are studied in the natural sciences and the people. It can be said that Interpretivism is opposite to Positivism. Here, the researcher believes that the study of social world needs different prospect of research approaches where one highlights the difference from the world of nature to humans. Interpretivism actually understand on how people creates as well as uphold their social worlds by using thorough observation of people in natural surroundings in the most appropriate way (Fallati et al., 2017). Justification of using Positivism Research Philosophy After complete analysis all the other research philosophy, the researcher will be using Positivism research philosophy as links with the current research study on Local Tourism Development in Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives. The research will be using both primary data and secondary data that will lead to scientific data collection method and this is possible only if the researcher selects Positivism research philosophy for the present study. Positivism actually supports the natural science methods that can be applied to the study of social reality and this is the only reason why researcher has to select this philosophy because it is important to know how far the tourist and the local people desire to have Maldives as a place to be develop in the near future (Chaudhuri Ray, 2017). There is lot of difference between deductive and inductive approaches used in the research and it is essential for the researcher to know and then decide what is appropriate in the present research topic on Local Tourism Development in Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives (Ali, Cullen Toland, 2015). The two research approaches are explained below with proper details and from that one will be selected by the researcher for this present research study on Local Tourism Development in Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives. In case of deductive approach, the main emphasis is on the causality as well as begins with a hypothesis. This approach aims as well as tests the theory because it is already present before and then the researcher only analyzes and draws conclusions to existing theories. Deductive approaches are associated with quantitative data collection (Buckley, Shakeela Guitart, 2014). In case of inductive approach, the main focus is on using the research questions to narrow down the scope of the research study. This theory is innovative where the researcher comes out with new theory that can be taken from the data that are not used before. Inductive approaches are associated with qualitative data collection. Justification of using deductive approach After complete analysis all the other research approach, the researcher will be using deductive approach as links with the current research study on Local Tourism Development in Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives. Deductive approach is used over inductive approach by the researcher as they use existing theories for the study and then draw conclusions at the end (Ali, Cullen Toland, 2015). Tourist guides who are responsible to show the place Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives will be interviewed as they have complete information. The other secondary data that will be used for the present study is reputed journal databases, books and websites on Tourism Ministry of Maldives (Buckley, Guitart Shakeela, 2017). The researcher will be selecting random probability sampling for selecting local residents of Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives and individuals who visit Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives. Convenient sampling technique will be used by the research to select tourist guides who are working in Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives (Ali, Cullen Toland, 2015). The researcher will be distributing questionnaires to the tourists who visit the place (Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives) and local population in that district to understand how far developed the district is and how far it is possible to develop in the near future. Questionnaire method will be used by the researcher in order to get proper insights of information on local tourism development in Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives (Becken et al., 2014). The researcher will be conducting Face-to-Face Interview with the Tourist guides while visiting Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives. By interviewing the tourist guides of that place, it will be easy to gather facts and information on the present status of tourism industry in Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives and future prospect in that particular place that can attract more tourist to visit that place (Arnall Kothari, 2015). Researcher will be collecting quantitative data and present it using tables and graphs. The quantitative data will be analyzed by using different statistical methods like regression and correlation. Questionnaire will be distributed to the local residents of Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives and tourist who visit Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives. By using GoogleForms, questionnaire will be sent to the respondents via emails. The information collected will be computed with the help of SPSS software (Amzath Zhao, 2014). Researcher will be collecting qualitative data by using thematic data analysis approach where themes will be made that directly aligns with the research objectives and research questions for the research topic on Local Tourism Development in Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives. Ethical considerations The researcher has the responsibility to collect valid and reliable data from the present research study otherwise the whole purpose of the study will be in waste. The sources used for data collection should be valid and checked by use of pilot study so that there is no room for mistakes (Ali, Cullen Toland, 2015). The researcher will be conducting interview session with the tourist guides so the researcher cannot force any of the tourist guides to participate in the research study before prior consent and the respondents too have equal right to refusal if they have no interest to participate in the interview session. The respondents have full right to skip any of the questions that they feel is not appropriate. The questions asked by the researcher should not harm the sentiments of the respondents by any kind. The researcher needs to keep the information collected by this interview confidential because any leak of information will be punishable under Data Protection Act. Under this Act, researcher will be punished if they are using the information for personal use or involving any third-party to it. After the research is over, the researcher need to destroy the information and facts collected for the study so that there is no chance of this information to become public once again (Alam Paramati, 2017). It was difficult for the researcher to conduct this present study because it had too many limitations that the researcher had to overcome. The researcher had been allocated limited time to conduct the research study and this was one of the vital limitation that restrict the researcher to get into in-depth analysis on the present research topic. The researcher even faced difficult as there was limited financial resources to conduct the research study and this restrict in use of expensive theories and tools for the study. As the researcher had conducted interview session, it was difficult to match with the time frame as the tourist that were interviewed were busy with their work and very few showed interest to answer the questions asked by the researcher. Most of the tourist guides were reluctant in answering the question as they were not comfortable to share confidential information about that place. Main Activities 1st week 2nd week 3rd week 4th week 5th week Selection of Research Topic Local Tourism Development in Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives Drafting of research objectives and research questions Review of Literature Research design Quantitative data collection Qualitative data collection Limitation of the research study Submission of the research proposal Conclusion At the end of the research, it is concluded that there is a scope of tourism development in districts like Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives. It is just important to highlight issue or challenges that restrict tourism development in Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives. It is because tourism is the most popular sector that earns the maximum GDP and thus preserve the traditional essence of any place. The tourist attraction places should be preserved so that individuals can go and visit those places and gain knowledge on why that place is famous and find out most unique experience. Every place has its own significance and beauty so any issue that is hampering this should be attained by the Tourism Ministry of Maldives. The above research properly identifies the issue and provides solutions that will surely make Gaafu Dhaalu Atoll, Maldives a perfect tourist attraction or destination in the upcoming years. Reference List Alam, M. S., Paramati, S. R. (2017). The dynamic role of tourism investment on tourism development and CO2 emissions.Annals of Tourism Research,66, 213-215. Ali, V., Cullen, R., Toland, J. (2015). ICTs and tourism in small island developing states: The case of the Maldives.Journal of Global Information Technology Management,18(4), 250-270. Amzath, A., Zhao, L. (2014). A study of the relationship between carbon emission and tourism development in Maldives.African Journal of Business Management,8(20), 962. Arnall, A., Kothari, U. (2015). Challenging climate change and migration discourse: Different understandings of timescale and temporality in the Maldives.Global Environmental Change,31, 199-206. Becken, S., Mahon, R., Rennie, H. G., Shakeela, A. (2014). The tourism disaster vulnerability framework: an application to tourism in small island destinations.Natural hazards,71(1), 955-972. Buckley, R. C., Guitart, D., Shakeela, A. (2017). Contested surf tourism resources in the Maldives.Annals of Tourism Research,64, 185-199. Buckley, R., Shakeela, A., Guitart, D. (2014). Adventure tourism and local livelihoods.Annals of Tourism Research,48, 269-272. Chaudhuri, S., Ray, N. (2017). Application of Geospatial Mashups in Web GIS for Tourism Development. InEncyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition(pp. 3403-3418). IGI Global. Fallati, L., Savini, A., Sterlacchini, S., Galli, P. (2017). Land use and land cover (LULC) of the Republic of the Maldives: first national map and LULC change analysis using remote-sensing data.Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,189(8), 417. Horner, S., Swarbrooke, J. (2016).Consumer behaviour in tourism. Routledge. Jaleel, A. (2013). The status of the coral reefs and the management approaches: the case of the Maldives.Ocean coastal management,82, 104-118. Lee, D., Hampton, M., Jeyacheya, J. (2015). The political economy of precarious work in the tourism industry in small island developing states.Review of International Political Economy,22(1), 194-223. Modica, P., Uysal, M. (Eds.). (2016).Sustainable Island Tourism: Competitiveness and Quality of Life. CABI. Mohamed, I., King, D. (2017). Legacy of Authoritative Environmentalism and Path-Dependent Historic Institutionalism in the Climate Change Policy Dynamics of the Maldives. InClimate Change Research at Universities(pp. 211-231). Springer International Publishing. Mowforth, M., Munt, I. (2015).Tourism and sustainability: Development, globalisation and new tourism in the third world. Routledge. Naylor, A. K. (2015). Island morphology, reef resources, and development paths in the Maldives.Progress in Physical Geography,39(6), 728-749. Perry, C. T., Morgan, K. M. (2017). Bleaching drives collapse in reef carbonate budgets and reef growth potential on southern Maldives reefs.Scientific reports,7, 40581. Ponting, J. (2014). Comparing modes of surf tourism delivery in the Maldives.Annals of Tourism Research,46, 163-165. Shakeela, A., Becken, S. (2015). Understanding tourism leaders perceptions of risks from climate change: an assessment of policy-making processes in the Maldives using the social amplification of risk framework (SARF).Journal of Sustainable Tourism,23(1), 65-84. Shakeela, A., Weaver, D. (2016). Parallel paths of conventional and alternative tourism.The Routledge Handbook of Tourism in Asia, 265. Sharpley, R., Telfer, D. J. (Eds.). (2014).Tourism and development: concepts and issues(Vol. 63). Channel View Publications. Telfer, D. J., Sharpley, R. (2015).Tourism and development in the developing world. Routledge. Towner, N., Milne, S. (2017). Sustainable Surfing Tourism Development in the Mentawai Islands, Indonesia: Local Stakeholder Perspectives.Tourism Planning Development, 1-24. Zubair, S., Bowen, D., Altinay, L. (2015). Enclave resort tourism in Maldives: Destination development and resistance to change.CAUTHE 2015: Rising Tides and Sea Changes: Adaptation and Innovation in Tourism and Hospitality, 793.

The Golden Mean By Aristotle Essay Example For Students

The Golden Mean By Aristotle Essay AristotleOne of the greatest thinkers of all time was Aristotle-322 BC, theAncient Greek philosopher. He has practically influenced every area of presentday thinking. His main focal points were the natural and social sciences. InStagira, a town on the northwest coast of the Aegean Sea, in the year of 384 BCAristotle was introduced to the world. He grew up a wealthy boy. His fatherwas friends with the noble king of Macedonia, and as a young man he spent themajority of his time at the Macedonian court. At the age of seventeen, he wassent away to study in Athens. It was there that he transformed to a disciple ofPlato. Over time, Aristotle became the mind of the school. Later in his life,he followed his mentor and became a teacher in a school on the coast of Asiaminor. Aristotle was the professor of young prince Alexander, who went on tobecome the ruler Alexander the Great. We will write a custom essay on The Golden Mean By Aristotle specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Aristotle was the first known person to make major advances in thefields of logic, physical works( such as physics, meteorologists, ect.) ,psychological works,and natural history( modern day biology). His mostfamous studies are in the field of philosophical works. His studies play animportant role in the early history of chemistry. Aristotle was the firstperson to propose the idea of atoms matter and other grand ideas. Aristotle made the first major advances in the field of philosophy ofnature. He saw the universe as lying between two scales: form without matterand is at one end and matter without form is at the other end. One the mostimportant aspects of Aristotles philosophy was the development of potentialityto actuality. That can be explained as something possibility in terms of itsaccuracy. The actual state compare to the potential state is demonstrated interms of the causes which act on things. The four causes include material cause,efficient cause, formal cause, and final cause. First the material cause isalso defined as the elements out of which matter is created. The way in whichmatter is created is known as efficient cause. Formal cause is called theexpression of what the material actually is . The last cause, appropriatelynamed final cause, is for the end of the substance. An example, actual compared to potential, can be as simple as bronzestatue.The material cause is plainly the bronze. Its efficient cause is thesculptor . The formal cause is the idea of the statue, as the sculptorenvisions it . The final cause is the perfection of the statue . These fourstages of creation through termination exist throughout nature. Aristotlesvision of early chemistry created a strong foundation for the chemists of today . Works CitedAristotle (Internet Encylopedia of Philosophy). (Online) Availablehttp://utm.edu/research/iep/a/aristotl/htmAristotles Page. (Online) Available http://eng.ox.ac.uk/jdr/aristo/htmlComptons Interactive Encyclopedia. 1995 Comptons NewMedia, Inc.

Seperation of a Mixture Lab Report Essays

Seperation of a Mixture Lab Report Essays Seperation of a Mixture Lab Report Paper Seperation of a Mixture Lab Report Paper In order to operate the iron from the mixture, take a bar magnet inside of a Copilot bag, and swirl it through the mixture. 5. The iron will stick to the magnet, and lift the magnet out of the mixture. All iron in the mixture should be on the magnet. 6. The iron taken out of the mixture is then measured to find the mass of the retrieved iron. 7. Next, the salt will be separated from the mixture. In order to do this, a ring stand must be set up with an iron ring and a glass funnel. Take a piece of filter paper and fold it as demonstrated by Mrs Monotone, and place it in the funnel. 8. Place a mall beaker under the funnel for the filtered water. 9. Put the remaining mixture in the funnel. 10. Pour some water in a beaker, record the amount of water and pour it in the funnel. The mixture will begin to filter and drain the salt, leaving behind the sand. More water may need to be added depending on if the salt particles are fully dissolved or not. 11. The sand has been recovered. Take the filter paper, unfold it, weigh its mass, and place it in the chemical oven to dry before measuring. 12. While the sand is in the chemical oven, take a hot plate, and place the beaker tit the filtered salt water on the hot plate. The water will begin to boil, and eventually, the salt will be clearly visible and separated. 13. Once the salt is fully dried out, and no water remains in the beaker, remove the beaker with tongs for it will be extremely hot. Measure the beaker with the salt in it and subtract the original mass of the mall beaker to find the mass of the recovered salt. 14. The sand should be dry by now. Take the sand on the filter paper out of the chemical oven with extreme caution, place it on the scale, measure its mass, and then abduct the original mass of the filter paper in order to find the mass of the recovered sand. 15. The mixture is now separated into the three substances of sand, salt, and iron. Scientific Background: In order to complete this lab report, the following concepts must be understood. First, the difference between a mixture and a pure substance. A mixture is two or more pure substances combined, that keep their separate chemical identities and properties. The amounts of each pure substance in a mixture can change therefore the physical properties of a mixture depend on its composition, ND the composition of a pure substance is constant giving pure substances characteristic physical properties that do not change. Physical properties that are used to describe pure substances include solubility, magnetism, and boiling point, which are all characteristics used in this lab. The next concept is physical changes. Physical changes separate the components of a mixture, such as separating the iron, sand, and salt in this lab. Physical changes that can be used to separate mixtures include filtration, evaporation, and distillation. Mass recent composition is a way to express the real composition of a mixture by the amount of each component. In order to do this, the substances must be separated quantitatively. Lastly, percent yield which describes the efficiency of the recovery operation is calculated to separate the mixture. (Handout) Observations: The observations for this lab are as follows: The original mixture is a brownish color, and the difference between the different substances can easily be determined by sight. When the water was poured into the mixture of sand and salt during the filtration process, the altered water was coming through slowly in large drops. During the filtration process, the salt seemed to not be dissolving as quickly as thought, and more water was needed. When the salt water was being boiled, all of the sudden the water turned into what looked like foam and the salt started popping. When the sand was taken out of the chemical oven, salt particles that had not been dissolved were found on the bottom of the filter paper. The iron had a high magnetism, while sand and salt had none at all. The salt had a high solubility in water while the sand did not. The physica l appearance of the iron resembled rough tiny little black hairs. Data: The data for this lab is from data table B, as well as answers to post-lab questions 6 and 7. Data Table B: Separation of a Mixture: Mass of Original Mixture: 2. Egg Mass of Recovered Iron: . G Mass of Recovered Salt: . Egg Mass of Recovered Sand: . Egg Total Mass of Recovered Solids: 2. Egg Post-Lab Questions: 6. Mass percentage of salt: Mass percentage of sand: 46% Mass percentage of iron: 17% 7. Percent yield for salt = 46% Percent yield for sand = 47% Percent yield for iron = 29% Conclusion: Results: In this lab, the largest amount of recovered solids was the sand. The smallest amount of recovered solids was the iron. The total mass of recovered solids was greater than the original mixtures mass. Disunion: During this lab a mixture of the pure substances salt, iron, and sand were separated by different ways of physical change. The physical changes used in this lab report were filtration, evaporation, and distillation. The physical properties used in this lab report were magnetism, solubility, and boiling point. Error: The total mass of recovered solids was greater than the original mixtures ass. This could be because of inaccurate math or measurements. Also it was observed that in the chemical oven. Other ways that this lab could have obtained more accurate results would be using hot water during the filtration process instead of cold water. The hot water would most likely help to dissolve the tougher salt particles. The same filter paper used during lab was not the same filter paper that was measured for mass. This could have affected the ending result of mass of recovered sand, because the filter paper used could have been a different mass than the filter paper actually weighed.

REPORT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

REPORT - Essay Example This as a result leads to certain unforeseen incidents that have severe adverse effects on the stakeholders and the society. Ford is one of the best ethical companies that is known for its code of conduct and strict enforcements. It sets an example for all the business firms on how the ethical practices can be followed and what are its positive implications. This paper is focused on the ethical consumerism practices in the business market and how the companies can take steps to improve ethical sourcing of products and services. The concept of ethical sourcing has recently become a topic of concern among the customers. Moreover it also determines the attractiveness of a company to its stakeholders. Ethical practices are overlooked by many large companies who are blinded by their short term goals, this as a result lead to long term adverse consequences. This paper discusses how a firm can responsibly adopt ethical practices to ensure sustainable business activities. It also highlights the ethical practices of Ford Motors, which is considered to be one of the most ethical companies in the world. The incident mentioned in the case study is a clear indication towards the long term adverse effects of avoiding ethical practices. The collapse of the Rana plaza building could have been avoided if the companies were more concerned about its maintenance (case study). The ethical practices of a firm include taking care of the sustainability of the industry, environment and the interest of the stakeholders. Most of the companies overlooked the necessity of ethical practices and sustainable marketing and is often perceived as an added cost to the company. However, they fail to realize that these ethical practices are the ones that allow the company to maintain a steady growth and help to avoid unforeseen circumstances. The collapse of the Rana Plaza building has affected a lot of firms that sourced garments from the supplier companies in that building. This incident had

An investigation into how enterprise and entrepreneurship can be Dissertation - 2

An investigation into how enterprise and entrepreneurship can be embedded into art & design curriculum in Saudi Arabian universi - Dissertation Example Second, these programmes should be made job to meet the increasing student expectations. However, since the job markets are contracting almost all over the world in all sectors, the options of self employment should be considered as important and entrepreneurship development is particularly critical in this regard. Third, students who actually set up their business in the creative and design industries should be consulted and surveyed to identify the problem areas. It is difficult to model the educational techniques of KSA universities on the basis of the UK experience, since KSA is a conservative Islamic monarchy and UK is a multicultural mixed economy capitalism and democracy. However, from the perspective of management studies which essentially entail enterprise and entrepreneurship research and development, it is not impossible to exploit the UK experience for improving the design education system in KSA. The recent works of Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development a im at establishing a global framework for entrepreneurship development, particularly with the help of the higher education institutions (LEED and OECD, 2008). Elaborate literature review and secondary research powered by primary investigation through surveys and interviews can enhance the quality of the present research and get useful results and data. Statement of Research Objectives The research study is aimed at an investigation into how enterprise and entrepreneurship can be embedded into art and design curriculum in Saudi Arabian universities based on the UK experience. Objectives: 1. What do we mean by the concept of enterprise and entrepreneurship and what role does it play in design education? 2. How is design taught in KSA universities? 3. How does the UK approach to teaching design compare with the approach in KSA? 4. What are the key differences in the two approaches? 5. How can design education be improved in KSA by incorporating enterprise and entrepreneurship teaching into design education? Rationale for Undertaking the Study In comparison to UK, the teaching methods in Saudi Arabia lack creativity, therefore, this is becomes a barrier in developing in the skills of the students. This study will investigate new ways to improve the curriculum by incorporating enterprise and entrepreneurship to generate a more beneficial outcome for the student. Also, it is aimed to identify what are the requirements for needs, materials, and facilities in design universities in KSA, with focus on theoretical approach. It will consider wealth creation process by encouraging and generating new start-up businesses in the creative and design industries in KSA. The intention is to make student more creative, innovative, and motivated in Saudi Arabia. The new business can be based on advertising sector, calligraphy and Islamic education. However, the study will mainly address the research objectives stated above. Research Procedures and Methodologies The research proced ures and methodologies will be based on a qualitative approach. Secondary research through different academic and business resources will create a strong information framework. Primary research will practically analyse the behavioural and entrepreneurial arrangements of the teachers and

Law and State Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Law and State - Essay Example As mention in the topic, it was historically possible to regard United Kingdom as a set of unitary institution controlled by the ministers. The United Kingdom is a unitary state where the central government controls most of the activities of the government substantially. This is what the historical government of the United Kingdom was considered to be in history. This however changed in the modern context with devolution of the United Kingdom states, where there was a creation of new regulatory authorities and provision of public services. With respect to the devolution, law played a greater role compared to politics in holding the state to account, compared to the previous central government where politics had a major role2. Role of Law in Devolution Due to the devolution, the structure of public services in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland is different in some respect. The law plays a significant role in this devolution, every particular region has both its own assembly and exe cutive, and a Secretary of State and administrative department based in the central government, both taking the role of the ministries of the central government in the region3. Even though the laws have greater roles in the devolved government compared the great role of politics which was dominant in the historical central government, the laws that apply in Northern Ireland and Scotland are particularly different from those in Wales and England. The parliament of Scotland has very much more influence in consequence compared to the Welsh parliament4. The Scottish government played the role of civil service for Scotland and has a social policy governing the state. The structure of administration of Northern Ireland is different significantly; the health board is responsible for personal social services with Northern Ireland Housing Executive managing the public housing5. In the modern context of the devolved government that was established after a simple majority referenda in Scotland and Wales in 1997 September. Because of the need for law to keep the state in check, the National Assembly for Wales, the Scottish Parliament and the Assembly for the Northern Ireland were developed by the law6. England was left un-established. This was added to the legislatures newly established in Scotland and Wales that devolved much spending to the shires and councils of the United Kingdom. The law was enforced in the states via the taxes locally collected and the grants for services provided such as fire service, the police, and the ambulance service under the authority of the elected local government7. Because of the major role played by the law in the devolved governments, the framework has frequently changed from the historical context where politics had a major role in the central government. Among the most important changes that took place with devolution include: the reformation of the Social Security Department of Work and Pensions, the transfer to the Inland Revenue of the income maintenance, the demolition of the Transport Department, the local government and the regional states8. The responsibilities of the key social policy were placed in the Deputy prime Minister’s office; these have been relocated to the Local Government and Communities majorly due to the role that the law plays over the politics in the devolved system9. Due to the role played by law in holding the state to account. The government departments dealing with the social policy were established in order to ensure the law presides over

System Thinking In Healthcare Nursing Essay

System Thinking In Healthcare Nursing Essay The health care system can be defined as a set of interrelated parts or agents, which include caregivers and patients, bound by a common purpose and acting on their knowledge. This great number of interconnections within and among makes the healthcare organisation complex (IOM, 2009). Such complexity brings problems and opportunities and requires organisations to adjust to the changes. The ability to understand and respond to both the external and internal environments might require a holistic thinking approach of the system (Lebcir, 2006). Systems consist of interrelated, interacting and interdependent parts configured in a manner that produces a unified whole. System thinking studies these components parts, their interrelationship and the way they function as a whole. According to Senge (1993), system thinking is a conceptual framework, a body of knowledge and tools that has been developed to make the full patterns of systems clearer, and to help see how they can be changed effectively. There are various system thinking approaches and the essay will review some methodologies that were used in managing the case study of Ashford hospital. 1.1 Case Study- Ashford Hospital Earlier in the year, Ashford hospital which serves quite a large population experienced severe pressure on service. The hospital had 67 ward beds. Patients had to wait for long in chairs or trolleys at accident and emergency unit (A E) before they could be admitted into the wards. This led to overcrowding of AE unit. Patients were asked to stay away from the hospitals AE unless absolutely necessary. The healthcare providers were put under pressure and resulted in trading of blames amongst them. Patients were no longer satisfied with the quality of care. The management of the hospital was disturbed and wanted a way out of the messy situation. 2 Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) SSM is an action oriented approach for tackling perceived real world problematic (social) situations ( Checkland and Poulter, 2006). Appendix A shows the SSM process steps that were followed in the course of investigation. 2.1 Finding out An investigation team was invited by Chief Executive (CE) and introduced to some health workers. Using the SSM the first stage was to identify and provide a brief description of the situation. Due to the workload the clinicians were encountering, getting them round a discussion table wasnt easy. However, the investigation team moved around asking questions and observing proceedings. A rich picture was developed to help capture the main entities, structures and view points in the problem situation of Ashton hospital (Figure1, Appendix B). As part of the finding out, the team had to identify key roles that were affected in this situation (Analysis 1). The team already knew who the client was because it was the CE who requested for intervention. The nurses and doctors (some with specialisation) in A E provided treatment to patients with various illnesses and injuries.. Where necessary, patients were moved to the ward. The bed manger allocated beds to patient, while the ward manager supervised the ward. Table1 shows the outcome of Analysis 1 while table 2 shows the worldviews of the issue owners. Having known the key issue owners, the social texture (Analysis 2) of the issue owners in term of their role in the hospital, the norms (expected behaviour associated with such role) and the values (standard by which behaviours are judged) were identified. This is illustrated in table 1 of Appendix B. A political analysis (analysis 3) which enriched the cultural appreciation previously obtained through Analyses 1and II was done. The essence was to find out the disposition of power associated with the roles within the hospital thereby buttressing our cultural understanding of the situation. The CE, being the head of the hospital, had positioned power over other roles while the doctors enjoyed expert power across the hospital. The details of the analysis 3 are shown in figure 2 of Appendix B. The culture analysis provided a basic for identifying the relevant issues, actors and conflict in the hospital. The Client- person(s) who caused the intervention to happen The Chief Executive of Ashford hospital The Practitioner- people performing the investigation The Investigation team (Us) The issue owners-people who are concerned about or affected by the situation. Doctors, Bed managers, nurses, patients, ward managers, Chief Executive Table 1: Analysis 1 (the Intervention Itself) in Ashford hospital case study Issue owners World views Chief Executive Targets must be met with the available budget Doctors Patients need to be given effective treatment before they are discharged Bed manager Doctors do not discharge patients on time and are always bed blocking Patients We need better healthcare service; we Need to get well before we are discharged Ward managers High standards must be maintained in the ward Nurse To many patients to cope with Table 2: Worldviews of the issue owners in Ashford hospital case study. 2.2 Making Purposeful Activity Models. According to Checkland and Poulter (2006), every human situation reveals people trying to act purposefully. The models of purposeful activity system viewed through the world view of the doctors and the bed manager were considered very relevant. This was because the doctors made decisions on patients that needed admission while the bed manager was involved in allocation of beds. In order to model the purposeful activities, root definitions describing the primary activity processes and functions were developed using a mnemonic CATWOE analysis. Appropriate root definitions for the primary functions performed by doctors and bed manager were formulated as follows: A doctor system to provide quality and effective treatment care, through the use of appropriate acquired knowledge and hospital resources in, order to improve patients condition. A bed manager system that provides timely placement of patients in wards, by optimizing the use of available hospital beds, in order to contribute to quality and effective patient care. Tables 3 and 4 show the purposeful activity models for the Bed Manager and Doctor respectively. The conceptual purposeful activity models are illustrated in figure 2 and 3 of Appendix B. Purposeful Activity model 1 Root definition A bed manager system that provides timely placement of patients in wards, by optimizing the use of available hospital beds, in order to contribute to quality and effective of patient care. Activity name Admission of patients Task Primary task Customer Patients, doctors Actors Bed manager Transformation process Patients are admitted in hospital ward beds Worldview Doctors do not discharge patients on time and they contribute to bed blocking Owners Bed managers, doctors, ward managers, nurses Environment Number of beds, bed management and ward policies Efficacy Are beds available for patients? Are beds data correct? Efficiency How long do patient wait before being admitted? Do patients over stay on ward bed? Optimal bed usage, waiting time Effectiveness Have all patients been admitted on time? Table 3: Purposeful Activity model of Bed Manager. Purposeful Activity Model 2 Root definition A doctor system to provide quality and effective treatment care, through the use of appropriate acquired knowledge and hospital resources in order to improve patients condition. Activity name Treatment and admission of patients Task Primary task Customer Patients Actors Doctors Transformation process Patients are admitted and treated in the hospital Worldview Patients need to be given effective treatment before they are discharged Owners Nurses, doctors, bed managers, ward managers Environment Bed management and ward policies, availability of beds Efficacy Have patients been treated and admitted Efficiency Are patients getting better?, cost of drugs, time Effectiveness Have all patients been treated and admitted on time? Table 4: Purposeful Activity model of Doctors 2.3 Discussion and Outcomes. Activities in conceptual models developed were used for the discussion. The most significant finding that resulted from the investigation was in the area of discharge. The actual problem which was assumed to be limited to the AE was actually as a result of failure to adequately plan discharge in the wards. When the rate of patients needing admission increased, there was a need to change discharge plans. However, it was realised that the doctors did not change discharge behaviour and created waiting lists for patients that needed admission. Facilitated brainstorming sessions resulted in identifying number of contributing causes of delayed discharge. Discharge was done after ward round which took place in morning during week days alone. Insignificant numbers of discharge were done over the weekend because there was no major ward round. This meant that most patients needing admission in A E over weekend had to wait till following week before beds could be arranged for them. This also compounded the bed crises. A discharge project team was immediately set up. The main function of the discharge team was to carry out additional ward rounds in the evenings and on weekends so as to discharge patients and free up more beds. They were able to indentify other causes of delayed discharge and resolved them. This ensured timely discharge fashion which then freed up beds for patients in AE. 2.4 Strength and weakness of SSM The methodology provided guidelines that were flexible to apply. The use of models provoked debate and learning among the issue owners. Through discussion and debates, the hospital was able to realise that there was a need to amend patient discharge policy. However, this methodology could not satisfy everybody. Some of the discharge decisions were not favourable to the ward patients. Also members of the discharge team had extra work to do and ways of compensating them were not discussed. This could be seen from Jackson (2000) arguments that SSM tends to favour the more powerful people in the system while genuine participative debate could be severely constrained. 3.0 Thinking Differently Most of the inventions in our society today, such as electricity, telephone, automated teller machine and many more, are the results of some people who decided to think differently. Thinking differently involves using innovative and creative approaches to transform healthcare delivery service (NHS, 2007) The first stage was to stop and think of the whole situation and identify areas where creative thinking could improve matters. It was observed that there was poor co-ordination of patients and beds management while poor communication existed between the bed manager and other clinicians, in the wards and A E, about bed availability. A tool called Others Point of View (OPV) was then selected to describe the issue from others peoples perspective. The aim was to generate some alternative ways of framing the problem and to think about what other people might say about bed management of the hospital. Hotel manager Despite their poor hospitality, they still have more clients.poor service in hotel industry will make you to be out of business Service Consultant Poor customer service in the hospitalno regards for patientscustomers are kings ..so are the patients Journalist Taking the sick to a sick hospital. Patient -This is disgustingwhere else do they want us to go to? The second phase allowed clinicians to brainstorm and come up with ideas. At this stage no idea was good or bad. It allowed for people to speaking out their imaginations. The Fresh eyes tool was picked to see how similar issues were managed in other industries and the possibility of adopting the solutions into the hospital. Hotels- Hotels manage rooms, checks customers in and out using software systems designed to help administrator to track all rooms availability. University- students can book their accommodation online while a system assists in organising and allocating rooms to students Airline Airline Reservations Systems that manages airline schedules, fare tariffs, passenger reservations and ticket records. This gave us insight to how clients and resources were being managed in other industries. The stake holders then agreed to try out a bed management information system. The hospital implemented bed management information system on a small scale and some of the benefits were highlighted (Table 5). Real time online monitoring of bed position, bed manager did not have to go round wards again It improved communication between units for patient admissions Saved time searching for available beds in the hospital It provided an overview of bed occupancy rate in hospital It was user friendly and easy to use. Enabled more accurate allocation of beds for emergency patients Table 5: Realised benefits of Bed management information system after implementation. 3.1 Strength and weakness The thinking differently methodology was a powerful tool in stimulating thinking and lots of ideas were suggested. However, this took time and caused arguments as feasibility, advantages disadvantages and risk of each idea were all argued out. Also, traces of people trying to impose their ideas on others were noticed while others brought up ideas that would satisfy their own interest. 4 System dynamics System dynamics is an approach and simulation technique for studying and managing complex feedback systems, that are seen in business and other social systems (SDS, 2009). According to Jun el at (1999), there has been increased use of simulation in healthcare. This could be attributed to numerous success reports of using simulation to address health care system problems and availability of simulation software packages. The methodology was used to estimate and manage the aggregate flow of patient through the hospital and its environment. As the number of people visiting AE increased, it in turn increased the number of people who needed hospital admission. Also, as patients waiting for bed increased, it caused an increase in number of patients that were discharged home early. This is illustrated in Figure 1. There was the need to control the number of patients coming through A E. The availability and use of other healthcare facilities such as GP practice, community care and nearby hospitals would have a negative feedback on the inflow of patients into aE. This would directly affect the number of patients needing admission. Most of the patients that were discharged home might not have to return to AE as community care could assist carter. This methodology helped the hospital to forecast inflow of patients and ways that could be adopted to control it. Community care services around were informed about the situation of things in the hospital. In addition, ambulance bringing patients were informed ahead to make use of other hospitals or GP practices if condition of patient was not too severe. Figure 1: A model to show the flow of patients through the hospital 5. Conclusion The complex nature of healthcare system makes system thinking well-suited to tackle problems in this sector. The various methodology approaches used assisted in better understanding of the relationship between the various units in Ashford hospital and its environment. This showed that like any other system, no unit in the hospital is an island. The different methodologies applied in Ashford hospital situation yielded various positive outcomes that helped improved the problematic situation. While some of the methodologies used have their roots in action research, further participatory research will be carried out to investigate occupational work stress among the clinicians. This may help identify majors causes of stress associated with their workflow, how it affects their relationships with others and with the patients in particular. Word count -2034

The Emphasis on Existentialisim in Lispector’s Work Due to The Traditio

The Emphasis on Existentialisim in Lispector’s Work Due to The Traditional Roles of Women The human mind often creates traumatized, twisted beliefs about the world after cataclysmic events have occurred. Picture 1920- the world has just been ravaged by bullets, bombs, and baleful butchers with malicious intent. The aftermath of World War II leaves the country of Ukraine encompassed in terror, anguish, and famine. Imagine being ravenous enough to consider devouring a decomposing relative, and then putting that consideration into action. Imagine a country where pogroms- violent attacks on ethnic groups, mainly Jews, that included the destruction of homes, businesses, and churches –are not only regular, but not surprising occurrences. Imagine suppression, repression, oppression, all the â€Å"-ions†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Now insert a nine-year old girl struggling to live in this madness, add the rape and death of that girl’s mother, and there is the childhood of the renowned Brazilian author, Clarice Lispector. These experiences, which would alter anyone’s views on life, influenced and helped to develop Lispector’s existentialist ways of thinking. In these past occurrences, gender inequalities were very much prominent, which explains why Lispector focuses on the fate of women in her writing. Due to the oppressive government, women were confined to their traditional roles and in showing the lack of freedom, both mentally and physically, that this imposes on them, Clarice Lispector justifies her existentialist viewpoints through her writings; life is pain, misery, and inevitably death. These viewpoints are imminent when discussing the overall lack of freedom in Lispector’s stories â€Å"The Chicken†, â€Å"The Smallest Woman in the World†, and â€Å"Preciousness†. Within... ...for giving birth, her obedient stay after being caught, and her sudden yet unsurprising death describes, in Lispector’s viewpoints, the natural course of an average female’s life. Although Lispector wrote these stories in the 1940’s, reflecting on the then current gender inequalities and hardships of life during the aftermath of WWII, these themes are evident in all time periods, for as Lispector has shown, the innate traditional roles of women along with the pre-conceived notion of men being more significant than women are evident even in our time. These limits reflect Lispector’s existentialist viewpoints in showing that the life of a woman is restrained; women’s lives are filled with pressure, sadness, and ultimately death.

Republic of South Africa Essay

South Africa contains some of the oldest archaeological sites in the world.[19][20][21] Extensive fossil remains at the Sterkfontein, Kromdraai and Makapansgat caves suggest that various australopithecines existed in South Africa from about three million years ago.[22] These were succeeded by various species of Homo, including Homo habilis, Homo erectus and modern humans, Homo sapiens. Settlements of Bantu-speaking peoples, who were iron-using agriculturists and herdsmen, were already present south of the Limpopo River by the fourth or fifth century CE. (see Bantu expansion). They displaced, conquered and absorbed the original Khoisan speakers. The Bantu slowly moved south. The earliest ironworks in modern-day KwaZulu-Natal Province are believed to date from around 1050. The southernmost group was the Xhosa people, whose language incorporates certain linguistic traits from the earlier Khoisan people. The Xhosa reached the Great Fish River, in today’s Eastern Cape Province. As they migrated, these larger Iron Age populations displaced or assimilated earlier peoples, who often had hunter-gatherer societies.[citation needed] Republic of South Africa (1961–present) In 1487, the Portuguese explorer Bartolomeu Dias became the first European to reach the southernmost point of Africa. Initially named the Cape of Storms, The King of Portugal, John II, renamed it the Cabo da Boa Esperanà §a or Cape of Good Hope, as it led to the riches of India. Dias’ great feat of navigation was later immortalised in Camà µes’ epic Portuguese poem, The Lusiads (1572). In 1652, Jan van Riebeeck established a refreshment station at the Cape of Good Hope on behalf of the Dutch East India Company. The Dutch transported slaves from Indonesia, Madagascar, and India as labour for the colonists in Cape Town. As they expanded east, the Dutch settlers met the south-westerly expanding Xhosa people in the region of the Fish River. A series of wars, called the Cape Frontier Wars, ensued, mainly caused by conflicting land and livestock interests. Great Britain took over the Cape of Good Hope area in 1795, ostensibly to stop it from falling under Revolutionary French control. Given its standing interests in Australia and India, Great Britain wanted to use Cape Town as an interim port for its merchants’ long voyages. The British returned Cape Town to the Dutch in 1803, but soon afterwards the Dutch East India Company declared bankruptcy. The British annexed the Cape Colony in 1806. The British continued the frontier wars against the Xhosa, pushing the eastern frontier eastward through a line of forts established along the Fish River. They consolidated the territory by encouraging British settlement. Due to pressure of abolitionist societies in Britain, the British parliament first stopped its global slave trade with the passage of the Slave Trade Act 1807, then abolished slavery in all its colonies with the Slavery Abolition Act 1833. Boers in combat (1881)In the first two decades of the 19th century, the Zulu people grew in power and expanded their territory under their leader, Shaka.[23] Shaka’s depredations led indirectly to the Mfecane (â€Å"Crushing†) that devastated the inland plateau in the early 1820s.[24] An offshoot of the Zulu, the Matabele, created an even larger empire under their king Mzilikazi, including large parts of the highveld. During the 1830s, approximately 12,000 Boers (later known as Voortrekkers), departed from the Cape Colony, where they had been subjected to British control. They migrated to the future Natal, Orange Free State and Transvaal regions. The Boers founded the Boer Republics: the South African Republic (now Gauteng, Limpopo, Mpumalanga and North West provinces) and the Orange Free State (Free State). The discovery of diamonds in 1867 and gold in 1884 in the interior encouraged economic growth and immigration. This intensified the European-South African subjugation of the indigenous people. The struggle to control these important economic resources was a factor between Europeans and the indigenous population, and also between the Boers and the British.[25] The Boer Republics successfully resisted British encroachments during the First Boer War (1880–1881) using guerrilla warfare tactics, which were well suited to local conditions. However, the British returned with greater numbers, more experience, and more suitable tactics in the Second Boer War (1899–1902), which was won by the British. 20th century After four years of negotiating, the Union of South Africa was created from the Cape and Natal colonies, as well as the republics of Orange Free State and Transvaal, on 31 May 1910, exactly eight years after the end of the Second Boer War. The newly created Union of South Africa was a dominion of Great Britain. The Natives’ Land Act of 1913 severely restricted the ownership of land by ‘blacks’; at that stage they had control of a mere 7% of the country. The amount of land reserved for indigenous peoples was later marginally increased.[26] In 1931 the union was effectively granted independence from the United Kingdom with the passage of the Statute of Westminster. In 1934, the South African Party and National Party merged to form the United Party, seeking reconciliation between Afrikaners and English-speaking â€Å"Whites†. In 1939 the party split over the entry of the Union into World War II as an ally of the United Kingdom, a move which the National Party followers strongly opposed. â€Å"For use by white persons† – sign from the apartheid eraIn 1948, the National Party was elected to power. It intensified the implementation of racial segregation begun under Dutch and British colonial rule, and subsequent South African governments since the Union was formed. The Nationalist Government systematised existing segregationist laws, classifying all peoples into three races, developing rights and limitations for each, such as pass laws and residential restrictions. The white minority controlled the vastly larger black majority. The system of segregation became known collectively as apartheid. While the White minority enjoyed the highest standard of living in all of Africa, often comparable to First World western nations, the Black majority remained disadvantaged by almost every standard, including income, education, housing, and life expectancy. On 31 May 1961, following a whites-only referendum, the country became a republic and left the Commonwealth. Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be head of state, and the last Governor-General became State President. Apartheid became increasingly controversial, leading to widespread international sanctions, divestment and growing unrest and oppression within South Africa. A long period of harsh suppression by the government, and at times violent resistance, strikes, marches, protests, and sabotage by bombing and other means, by various anti-apartheid movements, most notably the African National Congress (ANC), followed. In the late 1970s, South Africa began a programme of nuclear weapons development. In the following decade, it produced six deliverable nuclear weapons. The Mahlabatini Declaration of Faith, signed by Mangosuthu Buthelezi and Harry Schwarz in 1974, enshrined the principles of peaceful transition of power and equality for all, the first of such agreements by acknowledged black and white political leaders in South Africa, which would ultimately end with the negotiations between F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela in 1993. In 1990 the National Party government took the first step towards dismantling discrimination when it lifted the ban on the African National Congress and other political organisations. It released Nelson Mandela from prison after twenty-seven years’ incarceration on a sabotage sentence. A negotiation process known as the Convention for a Democratic South Africa was started. The government repealed apartheid legislation. South Africa destroyed its nuclear arsenal and acceded to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. South Africa held its first multi-racial elections in 1994, which the ANC won by an overwhelming majority. It has been in power ever since. In post-apartheid South Africa, unemployment has been extremely high. While many blacks have risen to middle or upper classes, the overall unemployment rate of blacks worsened between 1994 and 2003.[27] Poverty among whites, previously rare, increased.[28] While some have attributed this partly to the legacy of the apartheid system, increasingly many attribute it to the failure of the current government’s policies. In addition, the current government has struggled to achieve the monetary and fiscal discipline to ensure both redistribution of wealth and economic growth. Since the ANC-led government took power, the United Nations Human Development Index of South Africa has fallen, while it was steadily rising until the mid-1990s.[29] Some of this could possibly be attributed to the AIDS pandemic and the failure of the government to take steps to address it.[30] Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (Xhosa pronunciation: [xoˈliÉ ¬aÉ ¬a manˈdeË la];), born 18 July 1918, [1] served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999, the first South-African president to be elected in a fully representative democratic election. Before his presidency, Mandela was an anti-apartheid activist, and the leader of the African National Congress’s armed wing Umkhonto we Sizwe. The South African courts convicted him on charges of sabotage, as well as other crimes committed while he led the movement against apartheid. In accordance with his conviction’s sentence, Mandela served 27 years in prison, spending many of these years on Robben Island. Following his release from prison on 11 February 1990, Mandela supported reconciliation and negotiation, and helped lead the transition towards multi-racial democracy in South Africa. Since the end of apartheid, many have frequently praised Mandela, including former opponents. In South Africa he is often known as Madiba, an honorary title adopted by elders of Mandela’s clan. The title has come to be synonymous with Nelson Mandela. Mandela has received more than 250 awards over four decades, most notably the 1993 Nobel Peace Prize. In November 2009, the United Nations General Assembly announced that Mandela’s birthday, 18 July, is to be known as ‘Mandela Day’ to mark his contribution to world freedom.[2] Apartheid (Afrikaans pronunciation: [É Ã‹Ë†pÉ rtÉ ¦Ã‰â„¢it], separateness) was a system of legal racial segregation enforced by the National Party government in South Africa between 1948 and 1994, under which the rights of the majority black inhabitants of South Africa were curtailed and minority rule by whites was maintained. Racial segregation in South Africa began in colonial times, but apartheid as an official policy was introduced following the general election of 1948. New legislation classified inhabitants into racial groups (â€Å"black†, â€Å"white†, â€Å"coloured†, and â€Å"Yellow†), and residential areas were segregated by means of forced removals. From 1958, Blacks were deprived of their citizenship, legally becoming citizens of one of ten tribally based self-governing homelands called bantustans, four of which became nominally independent states. The government segregated education, medical care, and other public services, and provided black people with services inferior to those of whites. Apartheid sparked significant internal resistance and violence as well as a long trade embargo against South Africa.[1] A series of popular uprisings and protests were met with the banning of opposition and imprisoning of anti-apartheid leaders. As unrest spread and became more violent, state organizations responded with increasing repression and state-sponsored violence. Reforms to apartheid in the 1980s failed to quell the mounting opposition, and in 1990 President Frederik Willem de Klerk began negotiations to end apartheid, culminating in multi-racial democratic elections in 1994, which were won by the African National Congress under Nelson Mandela. The vestiges of apartheid still shape South African politics and society.[2] After decades in a Robben Island prison, Nelson Mandela (Morgan Freeman) is released in 1990 and works immediately to bring about the end of apartheid and the initiation of full democratic elections where the black majority population can vote. Mandela wins the race for President of South Africa and takes office in 1994. His immediate challenge is â€Å"balancing black aspirations with white fears.† The country’s still-present racial tensions are shown, in part, through Mandela’s security team, which is composed both of new black and old white officials. The black and white groups are immediately hostile to one another despite sharing the same job and goal. While Mandela attempts to tackle the country’s largest problems – including crime and unemployment – he attends a game of the Springboks, the country’s rugby union team. Non-whites in the stadium cheer against their home squad, as the Springboks (their history, players and even their colours) represent prejudice and apartheid in their mind. Knowing that South Africa is set to host the 1995 Rugby World Cup in one year’s time, Mandela convinces the South African rugby board to keep the Springbok team, name and colours the same. He then meets with the Springboks’ captain Franà §ois Pienaar (Matt Damon). Though Mandela never verbalizes his true meaning during their meeting, Pienaar understands the message below the surface: if the Springboks can gain the support of non-white South Africans and succeed in the upcoming World Cup, the country will be unified and inspired. Mandela also shares with Pienaar that a poem, Invictus, had been inspiring to him during his time in prison, helping him to â€Å"stand when all he wanted to do was lie down†. Pienaar and his teammates train, but the players (all but one are white) voice disapproval that they are to be envoys to the poor and public – fearing exhaustion from overwork. Mandela, too, hears disapproval from friends and family. Many more, both white and non-white citizens and politicians, began to express doubts on using sport to unite a nation torn apart by some 50 years of racial tensions. For many non-white, especially the radicals, the Springboks symbolised white supremacy and they did not want to support their national team. As the tournament approaches, Mandela collapses from exhaustion and the Springboks’ only non-white player, Chester Williams, is sidelined with a pulled hamstring. Things begin to change, however, as the players went around interacting with the locals. During the opening games, support for the Springboks begins to grow amongst the non-white population. By the second game Williams is fit once again. Citizens of all races turn out in numbers to show their unanimous support for the Springboks. At the suggestion of several security guards, Mandela decides to sport a Springbok jersey with Pienaar’s number 6 on it to show his support and his name is chanted repeatedly by the home crowd during his entrance, a contrast to a previous rugby match scene, in which Mandela is booed by some of the whites in the crowd. As momentum builds, even the security team members become at ease with each other and the black members who disliked rugby eventually began to enthusiastically support their national team alongside their white colleagues. The Springboks, possessing a sub-par record, were not expected to go very far and are expected to lose in the quarterfinals. They surpass all expectations and make the final, only to face the New Zealand rugby team – called the All Blacks – the most successful rugby team in the world, the favourites to win the World Cup and historically the Springboks’ greatest rivals. Roared on by a large home crowd of both whites and non-white, Pienaar motivates his team to overcome their doubts and push their bodies to the limits. After ending in a tie, the game goes into extra time, where the Springboks win on a long drop kick from fly-half Joel Stransky (Scott Eastwood) and a score of 15-12. Mandela and Pienaar meet on the field together to celebrate the improbable victory amidst a crowd of some 62,000 fans—of all races. Once there, Mandela thanks Pienaar for his service to the nation, but Pienaar insists the President that he deserves the real thanks. In one particular scene, some white police officers celebrate by hoisting a young black boy, who had been lingering near their vehicle to listen to the radio broadcast of the game, onto their shoulders.

20 Analytical Essay Topics Environmental Economics Terms to Build Your Essay on

20 Analytical Essay Topics Environmental Economics Terms to Build Your Essay on If you are tasked with writing an analytical essay on environmental economics, you might be wondering where you should begin. Of course, selecting your topic is the first place to go, but it can be a difficult challenge to find the ideal topic suitable to the page length required of you. It is for this reason that you will find 20 topics on environmental economics below which might be of use to you when you sit down to write your next analytical piece. Remember that not all of these are perfectly suited to your particular writing assignment, and for this reason you should review the instructions your teacher has provided before you start writing on one of them. If you have questions, never hesitate to ask your teacher if a topic is appropriate before you begin: What Factors Influence Perfect Competition for Environmental Economic Market Structures Which Buyers and Sellers Influence Environmental Economic Markets How Environmental Economic Monopolies are Created The Impact of Environmental Economic Market Oligopolies on the Economics of Your Country Perfect Competition among Environmental Economic Markets Price Discrimination in Environmental Economic Markets Peak and Off-Peak Pricing’s Impact on Environmental Economic Markets Single Price Monopolies and Environmental Economic Markets Price Discrimination Monopolies and Environmental Economic Markets CD Piracy Manufacturing and the Impact on Environmental Economic Markets Distinguishing Factors between Monopoly Environmental Economic Market Structures and Perfect Competition Externalities in Your Current Home Country Environmental Economic Market How Governments Address the Existence of Negative Externalities in Environmental Economic Markets How Deadweight Loss Results from Externalities in Environmental Economic Markets Options for Handling Negative Externalities in an Environmental Economic Market Monetary Gains Associated with Environmental Policy Compliance Profitability Associated with Emissions Caps Job Market Gains Associated with Environmental Policy Compliance Job Market Gains Associated with Environmental Research Profitability Associated with Environmental Policy Research Below is a sample essay written about one of the topics above, so that you have a better understanding of what you have to do for your next assignment writing on environmental economics. Sample Analytical Essay on CD Piracy Manufacturing and Its Impact on Environmental Economic Markets Today the environment has led to technological innovations, which have impacted the economy. The creation of new technologies which are in high demand has led to the exploitation of natural resources around the world, resources which have been taken from countries in need without a long term plan for the environmental damage that follows such moves. Legislation is slow to keep pace with the   manufacturing of CD’s for all music and software purposes has taken advantage of this gap in the race. By not having legislation or red tape to which they must adhere, companies have been allowed the freedom to explore and excavate all natural resources necessary for their technological development. That said, the impact this is having on the environment has been influenced heavily by the ebb and flow of the marketplace. Positive externalities are benefits which are infeasible to charge to provide while negative externalities are costs which are infeasible to charge to not provide. High CD’s production rates for music and software have led to a mass excavation of minerals and natural resources. With CD’s continuing to be in use, mass produced and sold for all manner of music and software, the environmental damages are ever increasing. Gasoline consumption, emissions from vehicles moving products around, electricity used to make the products, and natural resources taken from forests are all problems associated with the production of CD’s, not to mention disposal. Disposal is problematic given that CD’s are a mixture of many materials, some of which include metals and petroleum, as well as dyes, lacquers, and plastics. If these items are just thrown away they can pollute the groundwater and bring about negative health issues. The CD cases contain higher than normal rates of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), which cause cancer. When they are incinerated they release harmful chemicals and sadly, incineration is the most popular disposal method of these items because they cannot be recycled and most countries lack proper disposal facilities. While the government does not control the industry, lawsuits from the recording industry have been allowed against citizens for illegally selling pirated content and technology. During these cases, the government has stood behind the music industries in allowing them to install tracking codes, allowing them to release warrants for people overseas. Of course, without things such as extradition, or compliance with local governments in foreign countries, no legal action is really being taken against those who engage in such environmentally damaging pursuits. There is also nothing being done by local governments to stop the development and mass production of legal music and electronics which also rely heavily on excavated natural minerals and resources overseas. That said, better laws in place to limit the excavation of natural resources, to reduce illegal piracy and manufacturing, would help to encourage mindful resource consumption. Overall, the environment has led to technological innovations whose impact has reached well into the economy of nations around the world. Creating new technologies and products like the mass distributed CD’s and electronics have led to the exploitation of natural resources around the world, resources which have been taken from countries in need without a long term plan for the environmental damage that follows such moves. Legislation has been slow in creation, which has allowed a time gap during which companies have been allowed the freedom to explore and excavate all natural resources necessary for their technological development. That being said, the impact this is having on the environment has been influenced heavily by the marketplace and the introduction of piracy for CD’s. With the newest regulations, it seems the environmental economic impact will be slowed at least for the time being but there remains a great deal that the governments of all countries can do. References: Berck, Peter, and Gloria E Helfand.  The Economics of the Environment. Boston: Pearson Addison-Wesley, 2011. Print. Field, Barry C.  Environmental Economics. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994. Print. Hackett, Steven C.  Environmental and Natural Resources Economics. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 1998. Print. Kolstad, Charles D.  Environmental Economics. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. Print. Mäler, Karl-Göran, and Jeffrey R Vincent.  Environmental Degradation and Institutional Responses. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2003. Print. Mankiw, N. Gregory.  Principles of Microeconomics. Mason, Ohio: Thomson/South-Western, 2004. Print. Tietenberg, Thomas H.  Economics and Environmental Policy. Aldershot Hants [England]: E. Elgar, 1994. Print.